摘要
已有文献认为,中间商会阻碍中国企业“从出口中学习”,从而阻碍了生产率提高。本文发现,中国出口企业中存在一类特殊的企业,它们既直接出口,又通过中间商出口,我们称之为“混合出口企业”。基于此,本文使用中国工业企业和海关数据构建了一个包含出口模式和企业生产率的动态离散选择模型,揭示了中国出口方式与生产率动态增长的关系,进而研究了中间商在中国企业出口中的特殊作用。研究发现:(1)混合出口的生产率高于直接出口和间接出口;(2)结构模型估计表明,成为混合出口企业需要企业付出较高的沉没和固定成本,但同时也会带来更强的“出口学习效应”。该结论意味着,中间商和制造商需求的“互补效应”是解释混合企业生产率优势的关键;(3)反事实分析表明,如果不允许企业选择混合出口模式,则企业的出口额和出口参与率分别会下降44.77%和67.36%;(4)关于贸易便利化政策的反事实分析表明,针对固定成本的贸易便利化措施能够更有效地提升企业的“学习效应”并促进生产率增长。
The literature has argued that intermediate Chambers of commerce impede Chinese companies from"learning from exports",thereby undermining productivity progress.This paper finds that,there exists a special class of enterprises in China's export enterprises,which export both directly and through intermediaries.We call them"mixed export enterprises".Based on this,this paper constructs a dynamic discrete choice model including export mode and enterprise productivity,reveals the relationship between China's export mode and dynamic growth of productivity,and further studies the special role of intermediaries in Chinese enterprises'export.The results show that:(1)Mixed exporters productivity is higher than direct exporters and indirect exporters;(2)The structural model estimation shows that becoming a mixed export enterprise requires the enterprise to pay higher sunk and fixed costs,but also brings stronger"export learning effect".This conclusion implies that the"complementary effect"of intermediaries and manufacturers’demand is the key to explain the productivity advantage of hybrid enterprises;(3)The counterfactual analysis shows that if the enterprise is not allowed to choose the mixed export mode,the enterprise productivity export volume and export participation rate will decline by 44.77% and 67.36%,respectively.(4)Counterfactual analysis of trade facilitation policies shows that trade facilitation measures targeting fixed costs can more effectively enhance the"learning effect"of firms and promote productivity growth.
作者
刘卉
Liu Hui(College of Economics and Social Development,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《南开经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第8期81-100,共20页
Nankai Economic Studies
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“竞争中性原则与中国对外贸易利益:理论机制、实证检验与量化分析”(72073073)
中央高校基本科研业务费青年教师研究项目“国内供应链摩擦、中间品进口与生产率进步”(63232161)
南开大学文科发展基金项目“双碳目标约束下中国能源偏向型技术进步的形成机制与经济效应研究”(ZB22BZ03ZZ)的资助。
关键词
中间商
出口模式
生产率
动态离散选择模型
Intermediaries
Export Modes
Productivity
Dynamic Discrete Choice Model
