摘要
苏丹人民解放运动缔造了南苏丹共和国,也是南苏丹国家建构的主要力量。苏丹人民解放运动的自身状况直接决定着南苏丹的国家建构。随着南苏丹共和国的成立,苏丹人民解放运动从一个游击队组织一跃而成为执政党。尽管任务已经发生了巨大的变化,由战争模式进入管理国家模式,但是由于缺乏必要的改革,苏丹人民解放运动实行的仍然是战时制度。制度僵化、组织松散,军政不分,部落痕迹明显,这些令南苏丹的国家建构陷入困境。南苏丹在国家建构中出现部落与国家的对抗,分权与集权的较量,还面临着提供公共物品的挑战。现在的苏丹人民解放运动仍然分裂为多个派别。虽然基尔总统与马查尔副总统达成了协议,组成了过渡政府,但是鉴于苏丹人民解放运动改革的滞后,尚无法成为一个真正的政党,再加上该国部落社会的特征,南苏丹将长期处于不稳定状态。
The Sudan People's liberation Movement(SPLM)created the Republic of South Sudan,also has been the main power of nation building of South Sudan.The own condition of SPLM directly determines the nation building of South Sudan.As a guerrilla organization,with the founding of the Republic of South Sudan,the SPLM rose to the ruling party.Although the mission has changed dramatically,from the mode of war to the mode of governance,because of the essential reform has been absent,the SPLM has practiced the wartime system.The problems of SPLM such as rigid systems,loose organization,the intermeshing of civilian and military,the obvious tribe traces have made the nation building of South Sudan be in dilemma.Therefore,there have been the antagonism between tribe and nation,the contest between decentralization and centralization,and the challenge of providing public goods.Now the SPLM has divided into several factions.Although the president Kiir and Machar have reached an agreement to form the transitional government.However,in view of the lag of SPLM's reform,it has been not a true political party,coupled with the characteristics of the country's tribe society,South Sudan will remain unstable for a long time.
出处
《中东研究》
2022年第2期270-290,340,共22页
Middle East Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“南苏丹民族国家建构研究”(项目号:19XJC770004)的阶段性成果。
关键词
苏丹人民解放运动
南苏丹
国家建构
Sudan People's Liberation Movement
South Sudan
Nation Building
