摘要
[目的]为提高肥料利用率和番茄产量及品质。[方法]以‘粉都金冠王’番茄品种为研究对象,将生物有机肥与栽培基质按照不同比例进行混配,以不添加生物有机肥的栽培基质为对照(CK),研究不同生物有机肥用量对基质理化性质、营养元素积累、基质酶活性和番茄生长、品质及产量的影响。[结果](1)在栽培基质中添加一定量的生物有机肥可以显著改善基质通气状况,提高基质pH及EC值,增加基质中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量。(2)添加一定量的生物有机肥可以显著提高基质酶活性及基质中的营养元素含量,其中T3处理下,基质中脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性相比CK分别提高23.10%、10.58%、20.98%、16.91%,基质中碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷、有机质含量相比CK分别提高58.69%、8.71%、29.36%、26.02%。(3)添加一定量生物有机肥可以显著促进番茄植株的生长和叶片光合能力的提高,其中T3处理下番茄植株根系活力及壮苗指数相比于CK分别提高19.99%、41.03%,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率显著升高。(4)T3处理下番茄的单果重和单株产量与对照相比均显著提高,单株产量增幅达到19.78%,并且果实可溶性糖、维生素C、番茄红素含量显著增加。[结论]添加一定量的生物有机肥可以改善基质理化特性,提高基质酶活性,显著促进番茄植株生长,提高番茄叶片光合作用能力,改善番茄果实品质,并以T3处理即每桶生物有机肥添加量为18%最佳。
[Objective]The present paper aimed to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and the yield and quality of horticultural crops.[Method]The tomato variety‘Fendu Jinguanwang'was used as the research object.The bio-organic fertilizer and cultivation substrate were mixed in different proportions,and the cultivation substrate without bio-organic fertilizer was used as the control(CK).The effects of different amounts of bio-organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties,nutrient element accumulation,substrate enzyme activity and tomato growth,quality and yield were studied.[Result](i)Adding a certain amount of bio-organic fertilizer to the cultivation substrate could significantly improve the substrate ventilation,pH and EC value,and increase the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in the substrate.(ii)Adding a certain amount of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly improve the activity of matrix enzymes and the content of nutrients in matrix.Under T3 treatment,the activities of matrix urease,catalase,invertase and phosphatase were increased by 23.10%,10.58%,20.98%and 16.91%,respectively,compared with CK.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium,available phosphorus and organic matter in matrix were increased by 58.69%,8.71%,29.36%and 26.02%,respectively,compared with CK.(iii)The addition of appropriate amount of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of tomato plants and the improvement of leaf photosynthetic capacity.Compared with CK,the root activity and seedling index of tomato plants under T3 treatment increased by 19.99%and 41.03%,respectively.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of leaves increased significantly.(iv)The single fruit weight and yield per plant of tomato under T3 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control,and the yield per plant increased by 19.78%,and the contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C and lycopene in fruit were significantly increased.[Conclusi
作者
李蒙
朱思远
袁童瑶
冯世杰
张莹丽
申君
LI Meng;ZHU Si-yuan;YUAN Tong-yao;FENG Shi-jie;ZHANG Ying-i;SHEN Jun(College of Horticulture,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Genetic Improvement,Xinyang Dabie Mountain,Xinyang,Henan 464000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1260-1270,共11页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
2021年河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21B210009)
河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102110263)
信阳农林学院设施作物栽培关键技术及其装备智能化研究科技创新团队(XNKJTD-011)
信阳农林学院高水平科研孵化器建设项目(FCL202101)
信阳农林学院青年教师科研基金项目(2019LG006)。
关键词
生物有机肥
番茄
生长
品质
基质肥力
Bio-organic fertilizer
Tomato
Growth
Quality
Matrix fertility
