摘要
【目的】针对我国萝卜生产缺乏先进高效的推荐施肥方法,以及肥料过量施用、肥料利用率低等问题,构建简单易操作的萝卜养分专家推荐施肥方法,并验证其适用性。【方法】以全国尺度萝卜田间试验产量和养分吸收数据库为基础,采用QUEFTS模型定量分析萝卜最佳养分需求量,建立基于产量反应和农学效率的萝卜推荐施肥方法,开发智能化的萝卜养分专家系统。于2018—2020年在天津、山东和北京开展了63个田间试验,包括推荐施肥方法对比试验和氮量级试验,并对萝卜养分专家系统的适用性进行验证。推荐施肥方法对比试验包括6个处理,分别为养分专家系统推荐施肥(NE)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、当地优化推荐施肥(ST)以及基于NE的不施氮(NE-N)、不施磷(NE-P)和不施钾(NE-K)处理;氮量级试验包括不施氮(N0)、NE、NE基础上减氮60%(40%NE)、减氮30%(70%NE)、增氮30%(130%NE)和增氮60%(160%NE)处理。萝卜收获后测定产量、经济效益、氮磷钾养分吸收、养分利用率、养分平衡等指标。【结果】1)QUEFTS模型模拟表明,在目标产量达到潜在产量的70%范围内,萝卜养分需求量随肉质根产量的增加呈线性增加;生产1 t萝卜的氮、磷和钾养分需求量分别为2.09、0.53和2.80 kg。萝卜对氮、磷和钾肥的产量反应平均为16.1、8.9和9.1 t/hm^(2),农学效率平均分别为95.3、96.7和57.7 kg/kg。2)田间验证结果显示,与FP处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷、钾肥40.0%、51.8%和16.6%;与ST处理相比,NE处理分别减施氮、磷肥19.9%、34.6%。与FP和ST相比,NE处理萝卜产量分别增加了4.0和2.2 t/hm^(2),经济效益分别增加了6509和1710元/hm^(2),氮肥农学效率分别增加了42.6和25.4 kg/kg,磷肥农学效率分别增加了66.7和41.5 kg/kg,钾肥农学效率分别增加了17.5和9.8kg/kg,氮、磷、钾肥回收率分别增加了12.4和7.1个百分点、12.0和6.6个百分点、11.8和5.5个百分点,氮�
【Objectives】An easy-to-operate fertilizer recommendation method in radish is needed in urgent for turning the low fertilizer use efficiency caused by excessive fertilization in China.【Methods】The data of fertilizer input,yield and nutrient uptake of radish were collected from field experiments around the whole country.QUEFTS model was used to quantitatively analyze the nutrient requirement of radish,based on which yield response and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of radish were used for the construction of an intelligent Nutrient Expert system(NE)for radish.Then,a total of 63 field experiments including different fertilization method experiments and nitrogen gradient experiments were carried out to verigy the effect of the NE system.Six treatments in each fertilization method experiment were setup,including:farmers’practices(FP),fertilizer recommendation based on soil testing(ST),on Nutrient Expert(NE),and the N,P and K omission from NE treatments.Six treatments in each nitrogen gradient experiment were setup,including:NE,N omission from NE(N0),60%(40%NE)and 30%(70%NE)reduced N application rates from NE,30%(130%NE)and 60%(160%NE)increased N application rates from NE.The yield,profit,plant NPK uptake,fertilizer efficiencies and soil NPK balances were analyzed at harvest of radish.【Results】1)QUEFTS model simulation indicated that nutrient requirements of radish increased linearly with the increase of fleshy root yield when the target yield was lower than 70%of potential yield.The average N,P and K requirements for producing 1 ton of fleshy root were 2.09,0.53,and 2.80 kg,respectively.The yield responses to N,P and K fertilizer were 16.1,8.9 and 9.1 t/hm^(2),and the corresponding agronomic efficiency were 95.3,96.7 and 57.7 kg/kg,respectively.2)Field experiment showed that NE treatment significantly decreased N,P,and K fertilizer rates by 40.0%,51.8%,and 16.6%than FP treatment,and decreased N and P fertilizer rates by 19.9%and 34.6%than ST.Compared with FP and ST,NE treatment increased fleshy root yie
作者
丁文成
何萍
张佳佳
徐新朋
杨秉庚
周卫
DING Wen-cheng;HE Ping;ZHANG Jia-jia;XU Xin-peng;YANG Bing-geng;ZHOU Wei(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期1202-1212,共11页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(32230093)
农田智慧施肥项目
北京市科学技术协会青年人才托举工程项目(BYESS2023294)。
关键词
萝卜养分需求
养分专家系统
推荐施肥
QUEFTS模型
nutrient requirements of radish
Nutrient Expert system
fertilizer recommendation
QUEFTS model
