摘要
理解竞争的本质是识别不正当竞争的前提。竞争的本质是争夺交易机会,因交易机会此消彼长所导致的竞争利益损害不可避免。此谓“竞争利益的相对性与损害的相互性”。这意味着,竞争是否正当的关键不在损害,“权益—损害范式”存在误读。我国《反不正当竞争法》的价值目标是保护优胜劣汰的竞争不被扭曲,识别不正当竞争应采用行为中心主义范式。行为背后的竞争利益对行为定性并无决定性意义,损害亦然。损害概念在反法上旨在解决责任承担问题,与行为评价分属不同的系统。首先,行为评价由“行为构成”和“违法性”二要件展开,前者旨在评价涉案行为客观上是否符合《反不正当竞争法》列举的行为样态,后者旨在评价符合行为样态者是否扭曲了《反不正当竞争法》保护竞争之目标。其次,归责评价聚焦于行为违法后的责任承担议题,具体由过错、损害、因果关系等归责事由进行“有责性”判断。经由三阶层要件塑造的统一分析框架,使《反不正当竞争法》的解释适用更加规范化、体系化。
Understanding the nature of competition is the premise of identifying unfair competition.The essence of competition is to compete for trading opportunities.Competitors'strategy always affects trading opportunities,which can lead to inevitable damage during competition.It shows the relativity of competitive interests and the reciprocity of damage.This means that the key criterion for identifying unfair competition is not the damage in competition and that the“rights and interests—damage paradigm”is based on a misunderstanding of Anti-unfair Competition Law.This study is carried out on the basis of revealing the essence of competition which is protecting the competition mechanism and ensuring fair competition,so that,we should therefore adopt the behaviorist paradigm to identify unfair competition.Competitive interests are not the decisive factor in evaluating the act of competition,and nor is the damage.The interpretive theory of Anti-unfair Competition Law can be divided into two systems.The first system focuses on behavior evaluation,which is determined by two elements:“behavior composition”and“illegality”.The second system focuses on the“accountability”of illegal acts which is consisted of fault,damage,causality,and other imputation reasons.The unified analytical framework composed of three tiers of constitutive elements could optimize internal system and interpretative theory of Anti-unfair Competition Law.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期963-982,共20页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“适应商业创新的市场规制体制研究”(项目编号:21AFX020)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(项目编号:010514370123)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
反不正当竞争法
竞争利益
竞争损害
行为主义范式
Anti-unfair Competition Law
Competitive Interests
Damage in Competition
Behaviorist Paradigm
