摘要
在规范法学视阈下,法学采整体主义哲学,法律是关于一般人行为模式的制度群,较少关照个体差异与规范外认知行为因素,无法为激励问题贡献成熟的框架与智识。在中国法治建设重心由法创制向法适用深度发展的进程中,认知行为主义范式能够呈现法律在现实世界中的真实运行图景,促使法学由整体主义、内部视角与规范主义向个体主义、外部视角与实证主义变革。在认知行为主义范式下,法律制度的运转是具有有限理性的个体在现实环境之中进行行为选择之后的结果状态,执法行为是执法者在衡量利害、考虑受限条件之后的决策行为。基于认知行为主义进路考察,执法者作为具有普通公民与专业人员双重身份的主体,其执法行为不仅受到大众认知、组织认知、家庭认知等外在认知的制约,也受到现状偏差、可获得性启发等内在认知因素的影响。对此,应该借鉴并改进强化激励理论,在现有呈现刺激的激励方式之外增加消除刺激的激励方式,还应借助相对人反馈机制增加个体差异化的激励层次,促进现有的"宏观一体化+微观裁量化"法律调整模式向"宏观一体化+中观类型化+微观裁量化"法律调整模式转变。
From the perspective of normative jurisprudence,jurisprudence adopts the philosophy of holism,so law is an institutional system of ordinary people’s behavior modes.Normative jurisprudence pays less attention to individual differences and cognitive behavioral factors outside norms and cannot contribute mature framework and knowledge to incentive.While the focus of China’s legal construction is developing from legal creation to legal application in depth,cognitive behaviorism paradigm can present the real operation spectacle of law in the real world and promote the change of law from holism,internal perspective and normativism to individualism,external perspective and positivism.Under the paradigm of cognitive behaviorism,the operation of legal system is the result state after individuals with limited rationality carrying out selection in the real environments,and legal enforcement is the decision-making behavior of legal enforcers who have weighed the interests and considered the restricted conditions.Based on the perspective of cognitive behaviorism,the legal enforcement behaviors of legal enforcers,who are both ordinary citizens and professionals,are not only restricted by external cognition including cognition from public,organization and family,but also affected by internal cognitive factors such as status quo bias and availability heuristic.In this regard,we should learn from,improve and strengthen the incentive theory,and increase the incentive mode of eliminating stimulation in addition to the existing incentive mode of showing stimulation.Moreover,we should increase the incentive level of individual differentiation with the help of relative person feedback mechanism,and then promote the transformation from the existing legal adjustment mode of"macro integration+micro discretion"to"macro integration+medium classification+micro discretion".
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期160-178,共19页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家留学基金“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(201906230147)的阶段性成果。
关键词
认知行为主义
激励理论
行为法学
行为行政法学
公务员法
Cognitive Behaviorism
Incentive Theory
Behavioral Law
Behavioral Administrative Law
Civil Service Law
