摘要
国际上工程总承包常见的是设计-建造(DB)模式和设计-采购-施工(EPC)模式,黄皮书和银皮书分别对二者作了详细规定。与DB模式相比,EPC模式承担全过程、全方位的总体策划、风险大、造价高。国内工程界对工程总承包两种模式的风险分担及结算原则尚缺乏统一的认识。法律法规(不包括团体标准)对二者统称为工程总承包,从内容看较接近DB模式;从实践看,很多发包单位认为工程总承包就是EPC模式,在招标文件约定工程总承包单位承担几乎所有风险,结算方式采用最有利于建设单位的方式。文章从近期完成的三个工程总承包项目管理审计案例入手,概括分析了工程总承包项目管理目前存在的问题与原因,对工程总承包项目管理理论进行了探讨,期待国内工程总承包参考国际通常做法按照EPC模式和DB模式区别管理和应用。政府投资的房建和市政工程项目采用DB模式而不是EPC模式,对减少争议和诉讼,提高合同履约效率,具有一定的指导意义。
The common international General Engineering Contracting is Design-Build(DB)model and Engineering-Procurement-and-Construction(EPC)model,which are detailed in the Yellow Book and Silver Book respectively.The main difference between the EPC model and the DB model is that the EPC model undertakes overall planning for the entire process and all aspects,high risk,and high cost.There is still a lack of unified understanding in the domestic engineering community on the risk sharing and settlement principles of the two modes of general engineering contracting.Laws and regulations(excluding group standards)are collectively referred to as general engineering contracting,which is closer to the DB mode in terms of content.In practice,many contracting units believe that general engineering contracting is the EPC model,and the bidding documents stipulate that the general contracting unit undertakes almost all risks and the settlement modes shall be the most favorable for the construction unit.This article summarizes and analyzes the current problems and reasons in the management of general engineering contracting projects,and explores the theory of general engineering contracting project management,starting from three recently completed audit cases of general engineering contracting project management.We hope that domestic general engineering contracting can refer to international common practices to manage and apply the EPC model and DB model differently.Real estate construction invested by government and municipal engineering projects should adopt the DB model instead of the EPC model,which has certain guiding significance in reducing disputes and litigation,and improving contract performance efficiency.
作者
黄广武
Huang Guangwu(Sinopharm Group Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200023,China)
出处
《工程造价管理》
2023年第4期62-66,共5页
Engineering Cost Management
关键词
工程总承包
风险范围
合同条款
按约验收
结算模式
EPC and DB Contracting
Risk range
Contract terms
Check and Accept as agreed
Settlement Modes
