摘要
近年来用生物可降解塑料(BPs)替代传统塑料(CPs)被认为是应对塑料污染危机的有效途径。由于BPs比CPs更容易分解成微纳米塑料(MNPs),因此生物可降解微纳米塑料(BMNPs)的生物毒性效应是当前关注的焦点,但相关研究仍处于起步阶段。本文从BMNPs本身、渗滤液及其与其他污染物形成复合污染物3个方面入手,系统总结了BMNPs生物毒性效应的国内外研究进展,重点关注BMNPs与传统微纳米塑料(CMNPs)之间的差异。本文总结的研究显示,与CMNPs相比,BMNPs的生物毒性效应表现为减弱、无显著变化和显著增强的研究结果分别占总研究结果的21%、25%和54%。其中BMNPs的生物毒性效应显著增强主要原因在于,首先BMNPs表面比CMNPs更加粗糙复杂,对被测生物表现出更强的机械性损伤能力。其次,进入生物体内的BMNPs会被生物分解成更小尺寸的塑料,更容易进入生物体的组织和细胞,产生更大的危害效应。此外,BMNPs更容易被微生物所吸收,通过影响微生物的正常生理功能,对相关生物和生态系统造成一系列连锁负面影响。再者,BMNPs在分解、降解和老化过程中能更快地释放出添加剂,并且释放出的某些化合物具有更强的生物可利用性。最后,与CMNPs相比,BMNPs与其他污染物产生的复合生物毒性效应更强,这与BMNPs特殊的表面和内部结构造成其对污染物拥有更强的吸附和解吸能力有关。本文还通过梳理上述研究存在的不足,对未来BMNPs生物毒性效应的研究、检测和评价等方面进行了展望,以期为BPs污染的有效防治和生态风险评估,以及MNPs相关产品的管理和认证提供科学支撑。
In recent years,replacing conventional plastics(CPs)with biodegradable plastics(BPs)is considered to be an effective way to deal with the crisis of plastic pollution.Because BPs are easier to be decomposed into micro-nano plastics(MNPs)than CPs,the biological toxicity effect of biodegradable micro-nano plastics(BMNPs)is the focus of current research,but the research is still in the initial stage.This paper systematically summarizes the domestic and international research progress of the biological toxicity effects of BMNPs from three aspects:BMNPs themselves,BMNP leachate and combined pollutants of BMNP and other pollutants,with the emphasis on the differences between BMNPs and conventional micro-nano plastics(CMNPs).The summarized results show that compared with CMNPs,the biological toxicity effects of BMNPs are weakened,not significantly changed and significantly enhanced for 21%,25%and 54%of the total researches,respectively.The main reasons why the biological toxicity effects of BMNPs are significantly enhanced are that:Firstly,the surface of BMNPs is more rough and complex than that of CMNPs,which indicates a stronger mechanical damage ability to tested organisms.Secondly,BMNPs entering the organism will be degraded into smaller plastics which are easier to enter the tissues and cells of the organism,resulting in greater harmful effects.Moreover,BMNPs are more likely to be taken into by microorganisms,causing a series of negative effects on the microorganisms and their ecosystems by affecting the normal physiological functions of microorganisms.In addition,BMNPs can release additives faster during decomposition,degradation and aging processes and certain released compounds have stronger bioavailability.Finally,compared with CMNPs,BMNPs combining with other pollutants have stronger complex biological toxicity effects,which are related to the special surface and internal structure of BMNPs,resulting in stronger capacities for adsorption and desorption of pollutants.This paper also provides prospects for the fu
作者
黄丹妮
章敏
高富龙
郑榕辉
黄文树
薄军
方超
Huang Danni;Zhang Min;Gao Fulong;Zheng Ronghui;Huang Wenshu;Bo Jun;Fang Chao(Fisheries College,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,China;Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry,Ministry of Education,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期175-201,共27页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
厦门青年创新基金项目(3502Z20206099)
福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2021J01506,2021J02047)
自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费(2022015,2020017)。
关键词
生物可降解塑料
传统塑料
生物毒性效应
微纳米塑料
复合毒性效应
biodegradable plastic
conventional plastic
biological toxicity effect
micro-nano plastic
combined toxicity effect
