摘要
微塑料是一种新兴环境污染物,广泛存在于海洋和沿海环境中。微塑料比表面积大且具有疏水性,易吸附水环境中的有机污染物。其因尺寸接近水生生物的摄食直径,极易被生物摄取,从而沿着食物链发生富集现象,近年来引发了全球的广泛关注。目前有关微塑料的文章对微塑料在环境中的分布和数量都做了充分的调查,并对常见微塑料与主流污染物的吸附原理和动力学进行了大量的研究。但是目前针对环境中微塑料调查的取样方法不统一,分析微塑料迁移和生物效应的模型简单且适应性弱。另外,针对微塑料与环境污染物相互作用引发的复合环境效应研究不足,研究微塑料的环境行为与生物效应的整体性易被忽视。本文首先介绍了微塑料在环境中的分布、丰度以及微塑料吸附环境中有机污染物的情况;然后分析了水环境中微塑料对持久性有机污染物的存在、分布和生物有效性的影响,并讨论了微塑料的种类和性质、污染物种类、环境条件等因素对微塑料环境行为的影响;最后结合微塑料与有机污染物作用特性、微塑料尺寸等因素讨论了微塑料与有机污染物的复合生物效应。微塑料种类庞杂,与环境介质中污染物作用密切,因此结合微塑料与污染物相互作用特性和环境特征讨论微塑料的环境行为意义重大。
Microplastics as emerging pollutant are widely present in marine and coastal environments. Microplastics have a large specific surface area and strong hydrophobicity,and thus they can easily adsorb organic pollutants in the water environment. Due to their size close to the feeding diameter of aquatic organisms,they are easy to be ingested by organisms and enriched along the food webs,which has attracted worldwide attention in recent years.The current articles on microplastics have done a thorough investigation on the distribution and quantity of microplastics in the environment,and a lot of research has been conducted on the adsorption principles and kinetics of microplastics and typical pollutants. However,the sampling methods for the investigation of microplastics in the environment are not uniform,and the models for analyzing migration and biological effects of microplastics are simple and weakly adaptable. In addition,the research on the compound environmental effects caused by the interaction of microplastics and environmental pollutants is insufficient,and the integrity of the environmental behavior and biological effects of microplastics are easily ignored.In this paper,the distribution and abundance of microplastics in the environment and the adsorption of organic pollutants in the environment by microplastics are introduced;and then the presence of microplastics on persistent organic pollutants in the water environment of distribution and bioavailability are analyzed;the types and properties of microplastics,the types of pollutants,environmental conditions and other factors on the environmental behavior of microplastics are also discussed;finally,the combined biological effects of microplastics and organic pollutants are discussed in combination with the characteristics of microplastics and organic pollutants,and the size of microplastics. There are many types of microplastics and they interact closely with pollutants in environmental media. Therefore,it is of great significance to discuss the environmen
作者
代朝猛
李思
段艳平
刘曙光
涂耀仁
DAI Chaomeng;LI Si;DUAN Yanping;LIU Shuguang;TU Yaoren(College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;School of Environment and Geography,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 2000233,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期21033-21037,共5页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(41601514)
上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1459300)
上海市高峰学科项目(0200121005/053
2019010202)。
关键词
微塑料
迁移
吸附
解吸
降解
生物效应
microplastics
migration
adsorption
desorption
degradation
biological effect
