摘要
以往关于元刻板印象的研究集中于消极视角,而对积极元刻板印象如何影响认知加工缺乏相应探讨。本研究采用N-back任务,选取农村大学生为被试,通过3个实验考察积极元刻板印象激活对工作记忆的影响及其机制。结果表明,在工作记忆高难度任务(2-back)中,积极元刻板印象激活会导致更低的正确率,趋近动机在其中起中介作用,核心自我评价起调节作用,即积极元刻板印象激活会通过增加趋近动机,降低高难度任务的正确率,且这一效应仅存在于高核心自我评价者中。本研究将积极元刻板印象窒息效应拓展到认知加工领域,并且揭示了窒息效应的内在机制。
Meta-stereotypes are ingroup beliefs regarding the stereotypes that outgroup members hold about the ingroup members.Studies on meta-stereotypes have been conducted with a focus from the negative perspective of it.In comparison,positive meta-stereotypes can have either a boost effect or a choking effect.However,there is a lack of discussion on them, especially in cognitive processing. As the core of cognitive processing, working memory influences many aspects of information processing. Based on the positive meta-stereotypes effect, this study investigates the relationship between positive meta-stereotypes and working memory, as well as their underlying mechanisms. Approach motivation may be closely related to positive meta-stereotypes and working memory. When positive meta-stereotypes are activated, individuals tend to increase approach motivation to prove that they have reached the expectations of others. In addition, approach motivation is an essential factor affecting working memory. The stronger the approach motivation is, the worse the working memory performance will be. However, approach motivation’s role in the relationship between positive meta-stereotypes and working memory remains unknown. Therefore, this study clarifies the relationship between positive meta-stereotypes and working memory and reveals approach motivation’s mediating role in the association between positive meta-stereotypes and working memory. Core self-evaluations refers to the essential evaluation of an individual’s ability and value, which may be a potential moderating variable of the meta-stereotypes effect. According to the Theory of Resource Conservation, core self-evaluations alleviates the harmful influence of external pressure on individuals. Individuals with high core self-evaluations have more resources to combat the adverse impact of pressure after positive meta-stereotypes are activated. To be more specific, when positive meta-stereotypes are activated, low core self-evaluators will experience stress, reducing working m
作者
董天天
徐璐璐
贺雯
DONG Tiantian;XU Lulu;HE Wen(College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;Student Affairs Steering Committee,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1344-1357,共14页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划项目(项目编号:2022BSH002)资助。
关键词
积极元刻板印象
窒息效应
工作记忆
趋近动机
核心自我评价
positive meta-stereotypes
choking effect
working memory
approach motivation
core self-evaluations
