摘要
巴赫金关于作家主体、文本主体、读者主体及其相互关系的深刻论述,构成其主体论诗学的丰富内涵。从发生学角度看,巴赫金分别从主体赋形、主体赋格、主体赋能三大维度建构其主体论诗学框架。主体赋形是指创作主体基于一定的世界观和相应艺术立场而进行的以主人公为中心的审美建构过程,它使作者、作者形象、主人公及其相互关系得以有机生成并以特定召唤结构的方式呈现给读者。主体赋格主要依赖具体唯一性和交互外位性的动态实现方式以及由此达成的复式对话效果。主体赋能被优先设定为作家主体的责任意识、责任目标、责任效能三个方面,旁及读者接受的主观能动效应。巴赫金不仅清晰区辨了“道义的责任”与“专门的责任”,探讨了伟大的作品及其形式创造,还深刻回应了读者接受与应答理解的关系。总体而言,他的主体论诗学不仅有针砭时弊的意义,而且具有超出时代预期的价值,对构建当代中国特色社会历史批评范式的话语体系和学科体系不乏启示意义。
Bakhtin believes that people do not need to establish a transcendental subject community for universal truth,and the differences between multiple single subjects and their related relationships are the positive factors for the value construction in the subject philosophy of literature and art.This concept of subject is fully reflected in his poetics theory and becomes the key to distinguishing Bakhtin’s poetics from other poetics.Firstly,the complete“subject”includes three closely related sequences—the writer’s subject,the text’s subject and the reader’s subject.Secondly,the subject in the literary field originates from the specific person in real life,and then is the person with aesthetic enthusiasm,so it is also the person with unique presence.From the perspective of genesis,Bakhtin constructed his subjective poetics framework from the three dimensions of subject fugue,subject fugue and subject empowerment.The so-called“giving shape”refers to the aesthetic construction process centered on the protagonist based on a certain world outlook and corresponding artistic position of the creative subject,which enables the author,the author’s image,the protagonist and their interrelationship to be organically generated and presented to the reader in a specific calling structure.Among them,“first sex author”,“second sex author”,the protagonist and their relationship are not only the concrete embodiment of the main form system of literary works,but also the complete reflection of the inherent requirements of literary creation.The so-called“subject fugue”is different from the polyphonic music style in the Baroque period,but refers to the inter subject and its formative mechanism with the writer as the core in the process of literary creation.In the practice of constructing Bakhtin’s poetics of subject theory,“subject fugue”mainly depends on the dynamic realization of concrete uniqueness and interactive outsideness,as well as the dual dialogue effect achieved accordingly.The subject empo
作者
龚举善
陈园
Gong Jushan;Chen Yuan(School of Literature,Journalism&Communication,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第3期56-68,共13页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
中央专项基本科研业务费重点项目(CSZ21013)
国家社科基金项目(16BZW183)。
关键词
巴赫金
诗学
主体论
赋形
赋格
赋能
Bakhtin
poetics
subject theory
shaping
fugue
empowerment
