摘要
苜蓿是一种使用价值和经济价值均较高的牧草,朔州市广泛推广种植苜蓿对于农民增收、社会经济发展有着重要的意义。研究了苜蓿生长的特征指标,结合中国气象局和山西省气象局信息中心整编的1991—2020年30年平均温度、降水量、光照、风速、蒸发量和积温等朔州市部分资料,指出朔州市的年积温、年平均气温和日照等气象要素符合紫花苜蓿的生长发育需求,年降水量对紫花苜蓿的正常生长发育有所不足,在灌溉条件能够得到保证的前提下可以进行规模化种植。朔州市平川区和山区种植紫花苜蓿会有一定的差异性,平川区比山区更适宜种植,山区特别是不平整地块种植苜蓿可用于放牧或提升当地生态效益。朔州市在6月中旬—7月中旬为紫花苜蓿最佳播种时期,4—6月如果土壤墒情好,或有灌溉条件的也可以种植苜蓿。平川区的紫花苜蓿一年适宜刈割4次,山区的紫花苜蓿一年适宜刈割3次。朔州市种植紫花苜蓿具有较好经济价值和使用价值,可以进行大面积推广种植,研究结论可为朔州市紫花苜蓿种植提供一定的依据。
Alfalfa is a kind of forage with high use value and economic value.Widespread planting of alfalfa in Shuozhou City is of great significance to increase farmers'income and social and economic development.Based on research on characteristic indexes of alfalfa growth,combined with the 30 years'average temperature,precipitation,light,wind speed,evaporation,accumulated temperature and other data in Shuozhou City from 1991 to 2020 compiled by the China Meteorological Administration and Information Center of Shanxi Provincial Meteorological Administration,it was pointed out that annual accumulated temperature,annual average temperature,sunshine and other meteorological factors in Shuozhou City met growth and development needs of alfalfa,and annual precipitation was insufficient for normal growth and development of alfalfa,On the premise that irrigation conditions could be guaranteed,large-scale planting could be carried out.There were some differences between planting of alfalfa in pingchuan district and mountain areas of Shuozhou City.Pingchuan district was more suitable for planting than mountain areas.The planting of alfalfa in mountain areas,especially on uneven land,could be used for grazing or to improve local ecological benefits.The best time to plant alfalfa in Shuozhou City was from middle of June to middle of July.If soil moisture wass good or there was irrigation conditions,alfalfa could also be planted from April to June.Alfalfa in pingchuan district was suitable for cutting 4 times a year,and alfalfa in mountainous areas was suitable for cutting 3 times a year.The planting of alfalfa in Shuozhou City has good economic value and use value,which could be popularized in a large area.It could provide a certain basis for planting of alfalfa in Shuozhou City.
作者
马志强
马士钦
朱叶
蔡霞
李丽慧
梁桂花
MA Zhiqiang;MA Shiqin;ZHU Ye;CAI Xia;LI Lihui;LIANG Guihua(Shuozhou Meteorological Bureau,Shuozhou Shanxi 036001,China;Qinhuangdao Meteorological Bureau,Qinhuangdao Hebei 066001,China;Shuocheng Meteorological Bureau,Shuozhou Shanxi 036001,China)
出处
《农业工程》
2023年第3期62-66,共5页
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
基金
山西省气象局2022年度科研项目(SXKMSQH20226319)。
关键词
紫花苜蓿
生长发育
气候条件
朔州市
alfalfa
growth and development
climatic conditions
Shuozhou City
