摘要
纯铜/铜合金具有优良的耐磨性能、耐腐蚀性能、导热导电性能,被广泛应用于交通运输、能源化工、电子工业、电器制造和航空航天等领域。新型工业化的加快推进,对铜零件加工复杂度和快速制造提出了更高的要求。相比等材制造、减材制造等传统制造工艺,增材制造技术设计自由度更高、制造周期更短,具有加工任意复杂结构的能力。紧密围绕华南理工大学杨永强团队有关增材制造纯铜/铜合金方面的研究工作,聚焦铜金属激光吸收率低、导热系数高等技术难题,详细介绍了激光选区熔化(SLM)技术和定向能量沉积(DED)技术原理与装备,并对二者的差异进行了比较。在此基础上,系统总结了纯铜和CuCrZr、CuNi2SiCr、锡青铜三种典型铜合金的增材制造工艺、性能及面临的挑战。最后,从高性能工件加工、短波长激光成型和过程实时监控与反馈三方面,对未来纯铜/铜合金增材制造的技术趋势进行了展望。
Pure copper/copper alloy has excellent wear resistance,corrosion resistance,thermal and electrical conductivity,which is widely used in the fields such as transportation,energy and chemical industry,electronic industry,electrical manufacturing and aerospace.The accelerated advancement of new industrialization has put forward higher requirements for the processing complexity and rapid manufacturing of copper parts.Compared with traditional manufacturing processes such as equal material manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing,additive manufacturing technology has a higher design freedom,shorter manufacturing cycle to fabricate arbitrarily complex structures.Focusing on the research work of Yang Yongqiang's team at South China University of Technology on the additive manufacturing of pure copper/copper alloys,as well as concentrating on the technological challenges of low laser absorption rate and high thermal conductivity of copper metal,the principle and equipment of selective laser melting(SLM)technology and directed energy deposition(DED)technology were introduced in detail.The differences between them were compared.On this basis,the additive manufacturing processes,properties and challenges faced by pure copper and three typical copper alloys(i.e.,CuCrZr,CuNi2SiCr and tin bronze)were systematically summarized.Finally,the future technological trends of pure copper/copper alloy additive manufacturing were foreseen in terms of high-performance workpiece processing,shortwavelength laser forming,and real-time process monitoring and feedback.
作者
王迪
卫洋
田印仟
温娅玲
周恒
李阳
杨永强
WANG Di;WEI Yang;TIAN Yinqian;WEN Yaling;ZHOU Heng;LI Yang;YANG Yongqiang(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 51064l,China)
出处
《工业技术创新》
2023年第3期9-23,共15页
Industrial Technology Innovation
基金
国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(92267103)。
关键词
增材制造
纯铜/铜合金
复杂结构
激光吸收率
锡青铜
Additive Manufacturing
Pure Copper/Copper alloy
Complex Structure
Laser Absorption Rate
Tin Bronze
