摘要
军机处议复档是清代军机大臣根据皇帝要求对军政要务进行奏复处理形成的档案。军机大臣通过议复机制深刻影响着清朝中央的最高决策过程,军机处的创建过程是中枢大臣军政议复与承旨书谕两种权力机制渐趋合流的结果,化解了中枢权力机制中的族群壁垒。这一变革的直接动因并非强化皇权专制,而是来自雍正八年左右清世宗谋求统筹西北两路军事指挥系统的需求。变革的背后,则是清朝为将中央集权推进到蒙藏藩部地区,改变册封体制、建立直辖统治模式的一种制度调适,它使清朝更好地将蒙藏新疆青海等地纳入国家主权体系之下,为中国多民族大一统局面的发展提供了政治保障。
The Qing Grand Council's archival Record Book of Deliberations(Yifudang)records the procedure for memorials on major military and political affairs presented to the throne by the Grand Ministers in accordance with the emperor's instructions.The Grand Ministers were thereby deeply engaged in the highest decision-making process of the Qing court.The establishment of the Grand Council was the outcome of the gradual convergence of two bureaucratic procedures,the memorial-response procedure and that of issuing decrees in accordance with the emperor's instructions,thus resolving the barriers to central authority posed by clan power.The immediate motive for this reform was less a matter of strengthening imperial autocracy and more one of Yongzheng's desire,around the eighth year of his reign,to coordinate the military command in the north and west.What lay behind the reform was an institutional adjustment that amplified the center's authority over Mongolia and Tibet,transforming the tributary system into a direct-rule model.This contributed to the Qing dynasty's incorporation of peripheral areas,including Mongolia,Tibet,Xinjiang,and Qinghai,under sovereign rule,thus providing political assurance for China's development into a state of great national unity and multiple ethnic groups.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期108-128,206,207,共23页
Social Sciences in China
