摘要
孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一种常见的高度遗传和异质性的神经发育障碍,临床特征包括社交障碍、兴趣狭窄、重复刻板行为、注意力缺陷、焦虑、抑郁和癫痫等,目前尚无治疗ASD核心症状的药物。基因-环境相互作用驱动大脑经验依赖性改变,从而改变认知、情感和行为等,通过新的环境体验与身体活动可以改善大脑功能。丰富环境(environmental enrichment,EE)是一种提供感觉、运动和社交刺激的非药物治疗方法,已应用于各类神经系统疾病的基础和临床研究中。研究显示丰富环境能够改善ASD儿童的自闭样行为,减轻ASD的核心症状,对ASD动物模型(包括基因遗传模型和调控环境因素模型)也能产生不同影响。本文综述了丰富环境影响大脑的潜在分子机制,并探讨其对不同ASD动物模型的突触结构功能及可塑性、树突棘发育和行为水平产生的影响及分子机制,为ASD相关疾病提供新的治疗策略和靶点。
Autism spectrum disorders(ASDs)are common,highly heritable and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with a variety of clinical symptoms,including social impairments and restricted interests,repetitive stereotypic behaviors,deficit of attention,anxiety,depression and epilepsy.There are no medications available to treat core symptoms of ASDs.Gene-environment interactions drive experience-dependent changes in the brain,which alters cognition,emotion and behavior.Engagement with the novel environment and physical activity can improve brain function.Enriched environment(EE),a non-pharmacological treatment that provides sensory,motor and social stimulation,has been applied in basic and clinical research for various neurological disorders.Studies have shown that EE can improve autistic-like behaviors in children with ASDs,ameliorate core symptoms of ASDs,and have different effects on animal models of ASDs,including genetic models and models with modulating environmental factors.In this paper we review the molecular mechanisms underlying EE influencing the brain,and discuss the effects and molecular mechanisms of EE on different animal models of ASDs at the level of synaptic structure,function,plasticity,dendritic spine development and behavior,thus providing new therapeutic strategies and targets for ASD-related diseases.
作者
谢琼霞
胡晨璐
曾燕
陈雨珊
XIE Qiong-Xia;HU Chen-Lu;ZENG Yan;CHEN Yu-Shan(Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute,School of Medicine,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)
出处
《生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期642-653,共12页
Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82071272)
武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(OHIC2020Y02)
武汉科技大学大学生科技创新基金项目(21ZA092)。
关键词
丰富环境
孤独症谱系障碍
重复刻板行为
树突棘发育
脑源性神经营养因子
enriched environment
autism spectrum disorder
repetitive stereotypic behavior
dendritic spines development
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
