摘要
农村小微企业的绿色发展是乡村振兴与生态文明建设的必然要求,但其绿色转型面临环境保护与自身发展难以兼顾的困境。在以强化末端治理、能源替代、环境管理规范化为主的转型实践中,企业大多延续扩大产能增加总营收的方式应对环境成本内部化的压力,同时,长期政策性停产或限产使企业产能增长受限,企业选择精减用工控制运营成本,最终转型带来环境质量改善、产能规模下降和社会失业增加。可见,由于以体育用品企业为代表的县域小微企业普遍依赖扩大规模、控制用工成本的方式维持盈利水平,其盈利模式与技术革新路径要求存在差异,这使其绿色转型方式不同于生态现代化的理想模式,短期内转型效应难以实现多赢,转型实践的可持续性面临挑战。因此,深化农村小微企业绿色转型,可从优化成本结构以重构盈利模式出发,培育企业持续转化或转移环境成本的动力和能力。
The green development of small and micro enterprises(SMEs)in rural areas is vital to the Rural Revitalization and Ecological Civilization Construction.Currently,rural SMEs are facing a paradoxical situation:they cannot reconcile the needs of protecting the environment and growing their business in the process of green economy transformation.In the process of such a transformation,SMEs continued to expand production capacity and increase total revenue to cope with the pressure of environmental cost internalization,with a focus on practices such as strengthening end-management,energy substitution,and standardization of environmental management.In the meanwhile,long-term shutdown or production restriction due to green policy requirements limits their production capacity growth,which then forced SMEs to cut labor to control the overall operating costs.This transition process eventually led to improved environmental quality,reduced production capacity,and increased social unemployment.Our study shows that rural SMEs,as exemplified by sports equipment manufacturing in our study area,generally rely on expanding scale and controlling labor costs to maintain their profitability.Their profit model and technological innovation path make their green economy transformation path deviating from the ideal mode of Ecological Modernization.As a result,it is difficult to for rural SMEs to achieve multi-win transformation in a short term,and the sustainability of their transformation practice is in question.Therefore,for rural SMEs to continue their green transformation,we argue that it is crucial to for them to optimize the cost structure by reconstructing their profit model and cultivate their sustained ability of converting environmental costs.
作者
刘凌
肖晨阳
LIU Ling;XIAO Chen-yang(School of Humanities and Social Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,100083,China;Department of Sociology,American University,Washington,D.C.20016,USA;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)
出处
《学习与探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期28-37,175,共11页
Study & Exploration
关键词
绿色转型
生态现代化
环境效应
经济效应
社会效应
Green Economy Transformation
Ecological Modernization
Environmental Influence
Economic Influence
Social Influence
