摘要
人工合成药物氟喹诺酮类(FQs)是全球使用量第三大的抗生素,在抗菌类药物中发挥着极其重要的作用,然而其过量使用和排放会导致生态环境的变化,严重威胁着人类健康和全球可持续发展。系统研究FQs的生物地球化学行为及其生态环境效应对科学使用和管理此类药物具有重要意义。在人类和动物给药后,仅有小部分FQs在生物体内发生代谢,主要代谢过程包括哌嗪环的甲酰化、乙酰化、氧化和裂解以及芳香核心环的脱氟、脱羧等,约70%的原药和少量的代谢产物通过排泄迁移到环境中。进入环境后,FQs及代谢产物主要存在于水体、土壤和沉积物等环境介质中,发生吸附、光解和生物降解等迁移转化过程。吸附使得FQs从一种介质转移到另一种介质;光解主要影响FQs的C7-胺取代基,而其核心结构仍保持完整;生物降解主要指在微生物和微藻作用下的降解,涉及哌嗪基的乙酰化、甲酰化等修饰和环的部分或完全裂解,核心结构的脱羧、脱氟和共轭物的形成等过程。FQs的迁移转化过程并不能使其从环境中彻底消除,反而成为“伪持久性”污染物,严重影响藻类、甲壳类和鱼类等的行为、生长和繁殖,导致生物地球化学循环改变和水生环境的破坏,加速微生物耐药性的增加和抗性基因的产生。因此,未来应在FQs的海洋环境行为及其生态环境影响、FQs微生物耐药性与抗性基因的风险评估及FQs在微型生物作用下的降解机制与效应等方面进行更深入的研究。
Synthetic fluoroquinolones(FQs)are the third most commonly used antibiotics in the world and play an extremely important role in antibacterial drugs.The excessive use and discharge will alter ecological environment,with consequence on human health and global sustainable development.It is therefore of great significance for scientific use and management of FQs to systematically understand their biogeochemical behavior and eco-environmental effects.After drug administration in humans and animals,only a small part of FQs are transformed in vivo.The main transformation processes include formylation,acetylation,oxidation and cleavage of piperazine ring,defluorination and decarboxylation of aromatic core ring,etc.About 70%of the original drug and a small amount of transformed products would be migrated to the environment through excretion.After entering the environment,FQs and their transformation products mainly exist in environmental media such as water,soil and sediment,and undergo migration and transformation processes such as adsorption,photolysis and biodegradation.Adsorption facilitates transfer of FQs from medium to another.The photolysis mainly affects the C7-amine substituents of FQs,whereas the core structure of FQs remains intact.Biodegradation mainly refers to the degradation of FQs by microorganisms and microalgae,including piperazine modification of the piperazine ring such as acetylation and formylation,partial or complete ring cleavage,core structure decarboxylation,defluorination and conjugation formation.The migration and transformation processes of FQs cannot completely eliminate them from the environment.Instead,they would become“pseudo-persistent”pollutants,which seriously affect the behavior,growth and reproduction of algae,crustaceans and fish,change biogeochemical cycle,destroy aquatic environment,and stimulate microbial resistance and the generation of resistance genes.In the future,more in-depth studies should be conducted on the environmental behavior of FQs and their impacts on ecologic
作者
温丽联
宋金明
李学刚
马骏
戴佳佳
袁华茂
段丽琴
王启栋
WEN Lilian;SONG Jinming;LI Xuegang;MA Jun;DAI Jiajia;YUAN Huamao;DUAN Liqin;WANG Qidong(CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1680-1692,共13页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
中国科学院A类先导专项项目(XDA23050501)
中国科学院特别研究助理项目资助。
