摘要
草原露天煤矿内排土场地貌受采-排-复活动中塑形方式与土方量等因素影响,面临景观破碎、水土流失等生态环境问题。在现有工艺与团队已有成果上,为进一步实现矿区重塑地貌与周边水文相融,构建基于水文保留曲面(HPCS)的采复子区划定优化模型,以新疆黑山露天矿内排土场为例,构建优化后的HPCS下近自然设计地貌(MNNDL_HPCS)为实验组,NNDL_HPCS、原始自然地貌(PNL)和传统设计地貌(TDL)3者为对照组,结合空间叠加分析与地貌演化模拟技术,评价MNNDL_HPCS在水文融合、土方调配与土壤抗水蚀3方面的优化效果。结果表明:(1)采复子区划定上,MNNDL_HPCS内除开采子区位置划定调整外,其余区域位置保持不变;(2)水文融合上,以PNL为基准,MNNDL_HPCS视觉效果最优,并在水文沟道空间重叠率和水文融合率指标上,分别较NNDL_HPCS与TDL高52.84%和7.04%,与66.66%和18.11%;(3)土方调配上,MNNDL_HPCS土方平均运距较NNDL_HPCS缩减约0.98 m/m^(3),较TDL高约4.93%,土方运移成本较优化前略有降低;(4)土壤抗水蚀能力上,MNNDL_HPCS较PNL、NNDL_HPCS和TDL的10年可分别减少约31.65%、56.86%和80.59%的土壤水蚀总量,其中平均坡度缓和(0.28°)是MNNDL_HPCS土壤抗水蚀优于PNL的主因,其通过HPCS模型内坡度缓和优化模块实现。研究成果可助于恢复研究矿区内原径流通道和原地貌与景观,提高矿区生态修复稳定性。
The landform of the inner dump in the grassland open-pit coal mine is affected by factors such as the shaping method and the amount of earthwork in the mining-dumping-reclaiming activities,and it faces ecological and environmental problems such as landscape fragmentation and soil erosion.Based on the existing technologies and the team's achievements,in order to further realize the integration of the reshaped landform and the surrounding hydrology in the mining area,an optimization model for the delineation of the mining complex sub-area based on the hydrological preservation surface(HPCS)was constructed.Taking the inner dump site in the Heishan open-pit coal mine in Xinjiang as an example,the optimized near-natural design landform under HPCS(MNNDL_HPCS)was used as the experimental group,and the NNDL_HPCS,the original natural landform(PNL)and the traditional design landform(TDL)were used as the control group.Combined with spatial superposition analysis and geomorphological evolution simulation technology,the optimization effects of the MNNDL_HPCS in hydrological integration,earthwork allocation and soil water erosion resist-ance were evaluated.The result shows:①in the delineation of the mining sub-area,except for the adjustment of the loca-tion of the mining sub-area in the MNNDL_HPCS,the positions of the rest of the areas remain unchanged.②Compared with hydrological fusion,with the PNL as the benchmark,the MNNDL_HPCS has the best visual effect.Specifically,the spatial overlap rate of hydrological channels is 52.84%higher than that of the NNDL_HPCS and 66.66%higher than that of the TDL;the index of hydrological fusion rate is 7.04%higher than that of the NNDL_HPCS and 18.11%higher than that of the TDL.③Compared with earthwork deployment,the average earthwork distance of the MNNDL_HPCS is about 0.98 m/m3 shorter than that of the NNDL_HPCS,and about 4.93%higher than that of the TDL.Therefore,the earth moving cost is slightly lower than that before optimization.④Comparing soil water erosion resistance,the MNN
作者
夏嘉南
李根生
李园园
卞正富
雷少刚
XIA Jianan;LI Gensheng;LI Yuanyuan;BIAN Zhengfu;LEI Shaogang(School of Public Policy&Manage,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1673-1686,共14页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金资助项目(U1903209)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501107)
国家科技基础性工作专项资助项目(2014FY110800)。
关键词
露天煤矿
内排土场
地貌重塑
水文融合
矿山生态修复
open-pit mine
inner dumping site
landform reshaping
hydrological fusion
mine ecological restoration
