摘要
鱼—蚌混养是生态渔业模式之一,也是淡水渔业农业文化遗产的组成部分,已被农业农村部发布为中国重要农业文化遗产,并被列入中国全球重要农业文化遗产预备名单的浙江德清传统珍珠传统养殖与利用系统,鱼—蚌混养正是其中环境友好的生态农业技术之一。但由于过度追求经济效益而忽视生态效益,造成一些地方珍珠养殖生态环境污染严重,产业可持续发展面临严峻挑战。通过全面分析鱼—蚌混养的生态学原理、效益及影响因素,阐明其相比淡水蚌单养的优势;并以我国传统鱼—蚌混养技术为基础,结合当前新发展的鱼—蚌—藻混养等技术,从原理、方法及生态环境效益等方面,系统阐述鱼—蚌混养技术特点。分析表明,鱼—蚌混养可抑制养殖水体中浮游植物的增殖,改变浮游植物的群落组成和构造,增强水体的自动调节能力,提高水生态系统稳定性,一定程度上抑制水体富营养化和蓝藻水华等现象发生,同时为鱼和蚌提供丰富的食物,在促进珍珠养殖业健康可持续发展的同时,获得比“单养”更高的收益;通过鱼—蚌混养,不仅能够有效地改善水体的质量,而且可以获得鱼—蚌双丰收,综合效益显著。
Fish-mussel polyculture is one of the ecological fishery patterns and also a part of freshwater fishery agricultural heritage.For Deqing traditional pearl cultivation and utilization system in Zhejiang Province,which has been issued as a China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS)by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,and has been included in the preliminary list of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)in China,fish-mussel polyculture is just one of the environmentally friendly ecological agricultural technologies in this system.However,due to the excessive pursuit of economic benefits and neglect of ecological benefits,the ecological environment of pearl cultivation in some places is seriously polluted,and the sustainable development of the industry faces severe challenges.This paper comprehensively analyzes the ecological principles,benefits and influencing factors of fish-mussel mixed culture,and expounds its advantages over the single culture of mussels.Meanwhile,based on the traditional fish-mussel polyculture technology in China,combined with the newly developed fish-mussel-algae polyculture technology,this paper systematically expounds the characteristics of fish-mussel polyculture technology from the aspects of principles,methods and ecological environmental benefits.The analysis shows that fish-mussel polyculture can inhibit the proliferation of phytoplankton in the water body,change the community composition and structure of phytoplankton in the original water body,enhance the automatic regulation ability of the water body,improve the stability of the water ecosystem,and inhibit the occurrence of water eutrophication and cyanobacteria bloom to a certain extent.Meanwhile,it provides rich food for fish and mussels,which can not only promote the healthy and sustainable development of pearl breeding industry,but also obtain higher income than“monoculture”.Through fish-mussel polyculture,it can not only effectively improve the quality of wate
作者
王斌
闵庆文
薛镒涵
WANG Bin;MIN Qing-wen;XUE Yi-han(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2023年第3期66-69,98,共5页
Environmental Ecology
基金
浙江德清淡水珍珠传统养殖与利用系统保护项目资助。
关键词
鱼—蚌混养
生态学原理
德清传统珍珠养殖与利用系统
中国重要农业文化遗产
全球重要农业文化遗产
Fish-mussel polyculture
ecological principles
Deqing traditional pearl cultivation and utilization system
China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS)
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)
