摘要
为明确河北省设施西瓜主产区养分投入、累积与氮素淋失风险,选取81个设施西瓜大棚与27个对照农田,进行实地调研与土壤样品采集,评价土壤养分丰缺状况与累积量,预测硝态氮淋失风险。结果表明:设施西瓜田有机肥和化肥平均用量分别为47550和1301.48 kg/hm^(2),是农田的1.10倍和1.27倍,土壤中氮、磷、钾养分表观盈余量分别是携出量的5.00、7.21和2.96倍。0~20 cm土层中,硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质处于丰富水平,分别占比70.37%、33.33%、100%和40.74%,且各养分含量随着土层加深而逐渐降低。设施西瓜田0~60 cm土层硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾的平均累积量分别是农田土壤的1.43、1.53和1.69倍。并且设施西瓜田土壤硝态氮向下层迁移明显,分别在60~80 cm和120~140 cm出现累积峰;模型预测在150~400 cm土层有均有较高累积量,是农田的8.33~9.55倍。因此,河北省设施西瓜田养分投入量过高,易造成土壤养分的高累积与硝态氮向深层淋失,对地下水存在氮污染的风险。
In order to determine the risk of nutrient input,accumulation and nitrogen leaching in the main production areas of protected watermelon in Hebei Province,81 facility watermelon greenhouses and 27 control farmlands were selected for field investigation and soil sample collection.Then the status of soil nutrient abundance,deficiency and accumulation were evaluated,and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching was predicted.The results show that the 2 facility watermelon fields consumed 47550 and 1301.48 kg/hm^(2) in average organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,which were 1.10 and 1.27 times of that in the farmlands.The apparent surplus amounts of N,P and K nutrients in soil of facility watermelon were 5.00,7.21 and 2.96 times of the carrying amount.,The nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were at the rich level in 0-20 cm soil layer that accounted for 70.37%,33.33%,100% and 40.74%respectively,and the nutrient content gradually decreased with the deepening of the soil layer.The average accumulation amount of nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-60 cm soil layer of facility watermelon field were 1.43,1.53 and 1.69 times of that of farmland soil respectively.Moreover,nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the facility watermelon field migrated significantly to the deeper layers,with cumulative peaks appearing at 60-80 cm and 120-140 cm,respectively.The model predicted that there was a high cumulative amount in the 150-400 cm soil layer,which was 8.33-9.55 times of that in control farmland.Therefore,excessive nutrient input in facility watermelon fields in Hebei Province can easily lead to high accumulation of soil nutrients and leaching of nitrate nitrogen into deep layers,posing a risk of nitrogen pollution to groundwater.
作者
程晓楠
郭艳杰
张丽娟
吉艳芝
李博文
CHENG Xiaonan;GUO Yanjie;ZHANG Lijuan;JI Yanzhi;LI Bowen(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-environment of Hebei Province/Collaborative Innovation Center for Vegetable Industry of Hebei,Hebei Agricultural University Baoding 071001,China;State Key Laboratory of North China C rop Improvement and Regulation,Baoding 071001,China)
出处
《河北农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期51-59,共9页
Journal of Hebei Agricultural University
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(21326905D,19224007D)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018030206)。
关键词
养分投入
养分累积
环境风险
设施西瓜
潮土
nutrient input
nutrient accumulation
environmental risk
facility watermelon
tidal soil area
