摘要
目的了解全国采矿业用人单位煤尘、矽尘等主要粉尘及噪声危害水平,为职业病防治政策、标准制修订提供数据支撑。方法于2022年5月,整理2019年工作场所职业病危害因素监测数据,对其中全国分布在29个省级单位的7679家采矿业用人单位粉尘及噪声监测结果按行业类型和企业规模进行描述性分析。结果2019年工作场所职业病危害因素监测采矿业用人单位以小、微型为主,分别占47.97%(3684/7679)和30.00%(2304/7679),行业以非金属矿采选业用人单位为主,占50.25%(3859/7679)。在有矽尘、煤尘和噪声暴露的用人单位中,存在岗位总粉尘浓度和噪声强度超标的用人单位占比均高于50%。监测企业中,矽尘、煤尘和噪声的岗位超标率均高于30%。煤炭开采和洗选业中,大、中型用人单位的煤尘总尘岗位超标率与岗位煤尘总尘时间加权平均接触浓度(C_(TWA))中位数均高于小、微型用人单位(P<0.05)。结论我国采矿业的粉尘及噪声危害水平较以往有所降低,但25%以上岗位的劳动者仍有较高罹患职业性尘肺病、噪声聋的风险,应加强危害治理和危害水平监测。
Objective To understand the exposure level of dust and noise in the mining industry and provide data support for revising policy for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods In May 2022,Data was collected through the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace.Descriptive analysis was conducted for dust and noise levels by industry type and enterprise size from 7,679 enterprises in the mining industry among 29 provincial regions nationwide.Results The enterprises in the mining industry included in the National Surveillance Program for Occupational Hazards in the Workplace are mainly small and micro,accounting for 47.97%(3684/7679)and 30.00%(230/7679)respectively.The industry is mainly compred of employers in the non-metallic ming and beneficiation industry,accounting for 50.25%(3859/7679).Among the enterprises with silica dust,coal dust,and noise hazards,the proportion of enterprises where total dust concentration and noise intensity exceed the standard is higher than 50%.30%of the posts are with an exposure level of silica dust,coal dust,and noise that exceeds the standard.The exceedance rate and the median of the time-weighted average concentration of total coal dust among large and medium-sized enterprises are higher than those among small and micro-sized enterprises(P<0.05).Conclusion The dust and noise hazards in the mining industry are lower than in the past in China,but more than 25% of workers are still at a high risk of occupational pneumoconiosis and noise deafness.Therefore,intervention and surveillance strategies should be strengthened in the future.
作者
张思雨
郑晋南
余悦
胡伟江
Zhang Siyu;Zheng Jinnan;Yu Yue;Hu Weijiang(National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期344-349,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
采矿业
粉尘
噪声
场所监测
Mining
Dust
Noise
Surveillance for occupational hazards in the workplace
