摘要
随着全球能源与环境问题的日益突出,节能减排已成为各国共识。船舶航运业能耗与排放问题不容小觑,因此迫切需要应用清洁能源技术以实现航运业绿色低碳/零碳化发展。氢燃料电池动力船舶的发展,为航运业实现节能减排的目标带来了契机。目前,包括中国在内的多个国家正在积极推动氢燃料电池动力船舶的研究和示范应用,其中,完备的技术标准是相关产业发展的重要基础。然而,一方面,国内外船用氢能技术与法律规范体系尚未形成、标准系统分支不健全且核心标准缺失;另一方面,较为完善的车用氢能产业标准内容由于车船产业技术的固有差异并不完全适用于船舶体系等问题仍需解决。因此,基于氢燃料电池动力船舶的技术路线及产业链发展,系统梳理了氢燃料电池动力船舶的技术结构与国内外项目发展现状,分析了船级社氢燃料及氢燃料电池技术法规现状,调研统计、分类归纳、综合分析了国内外现行氢能标准;构建了以氢燃料电池动力船舶应用为主且涵盖了氢能制备、储运、加注等产业链环节的绿色航运体系;在绿色航运体系的框架下,对比了氢燃料电池动力车船的产业技术,结果发现氢燃料电池动力车船在应用场景、功率、储氢、加注设施等方面存在差异,在使用寿命、启动工况、空间要求、安装方式、通风和气密要求等方面也有明显异同。在此基础上,以氢燃料电池动力船舶标准体系构建、参考车用氢能标准的适用性、氢燃料电池动力船舶产业链核心标准专项制定、氢燃料电池动力船舶技术的安全性法规标准制订为主线,形成针对绿色航运体系下氢燃料电池动力船舶产业技术规范、认证和产品标准的发展框架与发展方向。
With the increasing global concerns over energy and environmental issues,energy conservation and emission reduction have become a consensus among countries.There is an urgent need for the global shipping industry to stick to a green,low-carbon/zero-carbon development path,due to its considerable energy consumption and emissions.The development of ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells provides an opportunity for the shipping industry to achieve relevant targets for energy conservation and emission reduction.There are active research,promotions and demonstrations of ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells in China and many other countries,among which technical standards are an important foundation for the development of this particular technology.However,on one hand,the relevant domestic and foreign hydrogen energy technologies for marine applications and regulatory frameworks have yet to be developed.The corresponding standard systems are also incomplete with the lack of core standards.On the other hand,the standards from the automotive hydrogen energy industry,which are relatively more comprehensive,are not applicable to the maritime system,due to the inherent technical differences between the automotive and maritime industries.Therefore,based on the technological roadmap and CHAIN OF INDUSTRIALIZATION of ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells,this study systematically reviews the technical structure and the status quo of domestic and foreign projects and analyzes technical regulations of the hydrogen fuel and hydrogen fuel cell from Classification Society.The domestic and foreign hydrogen standards and regulations are also studied,classified,and systematically analyzed.Furthermore,a green shipping framework is developed,which mainly focuses on the application of ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells and covers the production chain of hydrogen production,storage,transportation,and refueling.Within the framework of the proposed green shipping system,technologies of vehicles and ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells are co
作者
王东兴
王哲
赵帆
韩凤翚
纪玉龙
WANG Dongxing;WANG Zhe;ZHAO Fan;HAN Fenghui;JI Yulong(Marine Engineering College,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China)
出处
《交通信息与安全》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期157-167,178,共12页
Journal of Transport Information and Safety
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE0116400)
中国海油海洋环境与生态保护公益基金项目(CF-MEEC/TR/2023-9)
大连高层次人才创新支持计划项目(2021RQ132)资助。
关键词
绿色航运
氢燃料电池动力船舶
船用氢能规范
类比分析
技术标准
green shipping
ships powered by hydrogen fuel cells
marine hydrogen energy specification
analogy analysis
technical standard
