摘要
中古后期梗摄四韵同用,与山、咸摄的演变不平行。中古-r-介音经历了■的颚化音变,介音所处音变阶段的性质及作用方式不同,影响梗摄经历以下三个音变环节,最终形成四韵同用格局:(1)二等韵介音■,由齿龈近音变为卷舌近音,卷舌介音■使二等耕韵元音低化,与庚二韵合流(■);(2)重纽B类介音■颚化后与三等韵-i-介音融合,不再阻挡-i-对后接元音的拉动,庚三韵高化(■);(3)齿龈近音■及音系推平动力拉动江韵前化(■),前化的江韵与合流后的庚二耕韵(■)冲突,从而挤压庚二耕进一步高化(■),向庚三清青韵(■)靠拢,同用格局形成。梗摄的演变体现了音系不平衡→平衡→不平衡的动态发展过程。
The four rimes in Geng(梗)rime group changed to rhyme with each other(the so-called Tongyong同用)in late Middle Chinese,which was not parallel to the evolution of Shan(山)and Xian(咸)groups.The medial-r-experienced a palatalization of■>-->-j-.The nature of the medial in different stages affected the rimes in Geng(梗)group to go through the following three stages,resulting in Tongyong(同用)pattern:1)The medial-■-in divisionⅡchanged to--,from a dental approximant to a retroflex one,leading to the vowel reduction(■>a/_).2)The medial of Chongniu B type(重纽B类)experienced a sound change of-■i->-i->-i-.The--lost itself in the assimilation of-i-,which no longer blocked the medial-i-in divisionⅢto pull the vowel high.Thus the vowel of Gengsan(庚三)rime was raised(a>■/i_).3)The dental approximant-■-and the phonological flattening function drive to promote the frontalization of the vowel of Jiang(江)rime(■>a■/■_),resulting in the collision between the fronted Jiang(江)rime with Geng’er-Geng(庚二耕)rime.Therefore the vowel of Geng’er-Geng(庚二耕)rime was squeezed to get higher(a>■),getting closed toward the one of Gengsan-Qing-Qing(庚三清青),forming the Tongyong(同用)pattern.The evolution of Geng(梗)rime group reflects a dynamic development process of an unbalanced-balanced-unbalanced in phonology.
作者
许树妙
Xu Shumiao(Department of Chinese(Zhuhai),Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai Guangdong 519082)
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期194-207,共14页
Linguistic Sciences
基金
广东省哲学社科规划青年项目(GD21YZY01)资助。
关键词
-r-介音
颚化
梗摄
四韵同用
medial-r-
palatalization
Geng(梗)rime group
Tongyong(同用)pattern
