摘要
在埃斯特拉达总统执政末期的“第二次人民力量运动”中,网络政治动员开始影响菲律宾政治,自此之后在菲律宾历次大选中扮演愈发重要的角色。菲律宾人广泛使用社交网络,选民结构呈年轻化趋势,相关的选举法律法规暂未对网络动员行为进行规定。在2022年菲律宾大选中,小马科斯团队运用多重手段在“脸书”社交平台打造马科斯家族的亲和形象,并拍摄“油管”、“抖音”视频重新讲述父亲老马科斯统治时期的成就,以建构对自身和家族有利的政治叙事。早在参选之前,小马科斯团队长期采用以社交媒体为主要平台的网络政治动员手段,为其政治回归作铺垫,改变了相当一部分民众的历史认知。网络政治动员本质上是一种政治表演,它根植于菲律宾的政治文化语境,着眼于打造民粹主义话语。在网络民粹主义的影响下,家族政治不再在选举中发挥主流影响力,取而代之的是人气政治。网络让政治动员变得更加简便、高效的同时,也容易让政治宣传流于表面,政治动员走向极端化。
Since the second People Power Revolution in which mobile texts played a vital role,online political mobilization has been affecting Philippine politics,especially in presidential elections.The 2016 and 2022 elections have witnessed social media as a successful campaign strategy.Major elements facilitating online mobilization includes:The Philippines being one of the most active countries on social media with a major percentage of young voters;and a lack of updated laws regulating such activities.During the 2022 presidential campaigns,Ferdinand“Bongbong”Marcos's team has used Facebook and TikTok posts to retell the accomplishments of his father,former president Ferdinand Marcos Sr.,and built up new political narratives that eventually brought him to the highest power position.This social-media-based online mobilization is a continuing strategy that dates back long before the election.It not only paved the way for Bongbong Marcos's political comeback,but also changed the way many Filipinos understood history by replacing the current political narrative.Through this process,a new understanding of internet mobilization in Philippine elections have emerged.It is political performance in essence,packed in populist discourse and rooted in the Philippines'political cultural context.Under the trends of social media populism,the logic of politics based on popularity will be more intensified.While making mobilization easier and more effective,the Internet can also cause political mobilization to be radicalized.
作者
霍然
HUO Ran(School of Asian Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing,China)
出处
《东南亚研究》
CSSCI
2023年第2期1-17,153,共18页
Southeast Asian Studies
基金
2019年教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目“海上丝绸之路女神信仰研究:以东南亚为例”(19YJC730004)。
关键词
菲律宾
政治选举
网络政治动员
社交媒体
小马科斯
民粹主义
Philippines
Political Campaign
Online Political Mobilization
Social Media
Bongbong Marcos
Populism
