摘要
文化词的收录和释译问题一直是汉外词典编纂研究的热点和难点之一。传统汉外词典对中国文化词的收录存在疏漏和不一致,而在释译上则主要强调双语之间的等值对应,较少关注对源语文化意义的介绍和传播。本研究以广式早茶三大件为例,基于大型语料库,对比考察文化词条在主流汉外词典中的收录和释译情况,发现目前汉外词典文化词的收录和释译虽各具特色,但在译名统一性、意译精确性、词条收录完整性及文化信息丰富性等方面仍存在可完善之处。基于该研究结果,本文提出,汉外词典在对文化词进行收录和释义时,应充分考虑到身份认同、文本接受、文化交际等因素,增强文化词的收录比例,率先使用汉语拼音译名,同时应基于语料库筛选高频方言拼音译名,选取恰当精确的释义和丰富的例证,以提供全面丰富的文化释译信息,最后应提供完备的参见信息以构建文化词的认知语义网络。这不仅有助于文化词条收录和释译的统一性、精准性、规范性和丰富性,还能让世界深入了解文化词的中国特色,从而更好地助力中国文化走出去。
The inclusion and definition of cultural words in Chinese foreign language dictionaries have always been one of the important and challenging issues for lexicographers.In traditional Chinese foreign language dictionaries,the inclusion of Chinese cultural words is not always complete,and their translational definition is mainly based on the equivalence theory,which emphasizes the equivalence between the source language and the target language and fails to represent the uniqueness of their cultural significance.This study,taking three famous Cantonese dim sum as case studies,examines the treatment of Chinese cultural words in Chinese foreign language dictionaries,and makes a comparative analysis between the equivalents presented in dictionaries and those in large-scale corpus.Based on the results,this study suggests that when compiling Chinese foreign dictionaries,lexicographers should above all take full account of the cultural factors of the cultural words,such as the identity,text acceptance and cultural communication,enhance the inclusion proportion of Chinese cultural words,take the initiative to define them by using Chinese pinyin transliteration or frequently used dialect pinyin shown by corpus,in order to reflect their cultural identity.At the same time,lexicographers should also select appropriate and accurate interpretation and examples from corpus in order to provide comprehensive and rich cultural information.They should provide complete reference information to build the cognitive semantic network of cultural words as well.This will not only contribute to the consistency,accuracy,standardization and richness of the definition on cultural words,but also to a deep understanding of the Chinese culture to people all over the world,so as to better help Chinese culture go global.
作者
黄芳
HUANG Fang(Center for Lexicographical Studies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou)
出处
《译苑新谭》
2023年第1期115-124,共10页
New Perspectives in Translation Studies
基金
2019年度广州市哲学社会科学发展“十三五”规划课题“中华文化外译观与粤菜在汉法词典中的释译”(2019GZGJ65)
广东省普通高校人文社科研究特色创新项目《汉法大词典》中外用户调查及新词增补修订研究(2017WTSCX026)的部分研究成果。
关键词
汉外词典
粤菜文化词条
收录和释译
广式早茶
语料库
Chinese foreign language dictionaries
culture-specific words on Cantonese cuisine
inclusion and translational definition
Cantonese dim sum
corpus
