摘要
清末,王照的《官话合声字母》受到官方的认可,学部决定效仿日本的国语构建模式,以“京音”作为国语标准音。1913年,读音统一会重新审定国音,以章太炎弟子为代表的韵书派的议案被接受,会议议决以“全国派人会议所公定的国有之音”为国音;1918年,胡适从实际推广的角度提出“文学的国语”,1919年,国语统一筹备会修订《国音字典》,议定以“北京官音”为国音;1920年,张士一批评前人拟定的国语都是“混合语”,不具备统一的标准,提议以北京话为标准语,1924年,国语统一筹备会议决以“北平音”(“京音”)重新增修《国音字典》,1932年,《国音常用字汇》出版发行。国音经历了三次变革之后,京音再次强势回归,整个语言规划的过程从政治寄托最终一步步又回归现实。
At the end of the Qing dynasty,Wang Zhao's Guanhua Hesheng Zimu(官话合声字母)‘Chinese Mandarin Alphabets'was recognized by authorities.The Ministry of Education adopted Japan's policy of"the standard language",and issued a decree to take jingyin‘Beijing dialect pronunciation'as"the standard pronunciation",In 1913,the Pronunciation Unification Association re-defined the standard,based on what was proposed by the rhyming dictionary school,of which Zhang Taiyan's students were representatives.It was decided that guoyin the national pronunciation'should be"the common pronunciation voted and concurred by the whole nation".In 1918,Hu Shi proposed"the national language of literature"from the perspective of learning and teaching,and in 1919,the National Language Unification Preparatory Meeting(NLUPM)revised the Guoyin Zidian(国音字典),and decided to take Beijing Mandarin pronunciation as guoyin.In 1920,Zhang Shiyi criticized the former two versions of guoyu'the national language'as a"mixed language"that did not show a unified standard,so he suggested that Beijing dialect should be as standard language.In 1924,the NLUPM decided to revise Guoyin Zidian again,and pulished it in 1932 with a new title Guoyin Changyong Zihui(国音常用字汇).After the three evolutions,jingyin returned to the throne of guoyin,and the whole process of language policy planning developed step by step from"political wish"to practical use.
出处
《语言学论丛》
2022年第3期111-123,共13页
Essays on Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究团队项目“东亚汉语音韵学史文献发掘与研究”(21VJXT014)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
标准语
国音
三次变革
京音
回归
standard language
guoyin
three evolutions
jingyin
comeback
