摘要
ChatGPT已成为教育界的热议话题,但大家对其应用和伦理的“浅”问题关注有余,对教育理论的“深”问题所言甚少。因此,提出正确的技术和理论框架支撑尤为迫切。本研究从技术论视角出发,基于专用和通用人工智能技术框架,阐明ChatGPT本质是工具性的专用人工智能系统,OpenNARS是具有认知能力的通用人工智能系统,并澄清专用人工智能“拟人化”“污名化”及通用人工智能“万能化”“夸诞化”等误解;从本体论视角出发,说明人工智能与教育学双向融合的可能性,揭示ChatGPT成功背后隐藏的教育学“密码”,指出人工智能开启了教育学“人—机”二元主体的新时代;从认知论和方法论出发,描摹人工智能与教育学融合的双向路径,诠释两个学科范式变革的内在动力机制和逻辑框架。作为彼此的学科理论突破口,教育学为人工智能提供了新的诠释视角和理论依据,人工智能为教育学带来新的研究对象和研究方法。教育学真正的学术价值“隐秘而伟大”,但其学科地位与之潜能完全不匹配,不仅核心理论依赖其他学科“给养”,研究方法的科学性饱受争议,甚至学科存在的必要性也遭受质疑。今后,人工智能将因教育学而走得更远,教育学也将因人工智能夯实存立之基并取得科学性之争的胜利,成为打破学科边界、推动范式变革、促进学科融合的中间力量,最终掌握“大科学”时代的核心话语权。
ChatGPT has rapidly become a hot topic in education.With an excess of focus on superficial issues related to its application and ethics,there is an urgent need to address those essential and fundamental issues.Thus,to establish a pertinent technical and theoretical framework has become urgent and necessary.Firstly,from the perspective of technology,the paper describes Artificial Intelligence(AI)frameworks which include Special-purpose Artificial Intelligence(SAI)and Artificial General Intelligence(AGI)to decipher the essence of ChatGPT.The paper explains that ChatGPT is a typical SAI system,while OpenNARS is an AGI system with cognitive capabilities.It also clarifies common misconceptions about the“personification”and“stigmatization”of SAI,and the“omnipotence”and“exaggeration”of AGI.From the ontological perspective,this paper reveals the potential for the integration of AI and education.It uncovers the key factors that hidden behind ChatGPT with a belief that AI has opened a new era of the human-machine binary subject in education.From the perspective of epistemology and methodology,the paper describes the two-way integration between AI and education,revealing the internal mechanism and logical framework of the paradigm shift in these two disciplines with education providing a new interpretive perspective and theoretical basis for AI,and AI bringing in new research subjects and new research methods to education.Currently,education,as an academic field,does not match the full potentials of AI advancement.Its theories are overly reliant on other disciplines,and its research methods are criticized and questioned.Finally,the paper suggests,with the help of AI,education will improve itself by being more scientific with a strengthened discipline,breaking up its boundaries,promoting paradigm shifts,and facilitating interdisciplinary integration to ultimately gain the core discourse power in the era of“Big Science”.
作者
刘凯
LIU Kai(Department of Educational Science,Bohai University,Jingzhou 121013,China;Institute of Artificial General Intelligence of Bohai University,Jingzhou 121013,China)
出处
《开放教育研究》
北大核心
2023年第3期4-18,共15页
Open Education Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“人本人工智能驱动的信息服务体系重构与应用研究”(22&ZD324)
教育部人文社会科学研究项目“‘职业仓’:基于招聘大数据的询证模型构建及其应用研究”(20YJC880056)。
