摘要
按照不同的标准,可以将人工智能相关发明划分为不同的类型。各国专利法对“本领域技术人员”的功能和一般特征作出了大致相同的规定。与其他发明相比,人工智能相关发明所属领域技术人员具有自身的特性:能够获知的现有技术范围广,应视作由来自计算机领域和应用领域专家组成的团队;需要解决的技术问题复杂,抬高了专利创造性的门槛,导致审查员或法官界定发明实际解决的技术问题更加困难;在人工智能工具的辅助下,创造能力高,基于同一功能或目标跨领域寻求技术手段,以及组合已知技术要素、集成功能模块成为常规做法。从技术领域归类、自然人属性要求、关于该领域技术水平的固有认知以及人与机器对技术贡献程度的区分四个方面,人工智能对本领域技术人员的认定提出挑战。为应对这些挑战,顺应人工智能相关发明所属领域技术人员的特性,包括我国在内的不同国家对客体要件、创造性要件和充分公开要件作出特殊规定,也带来一定的启示。
Al-related inventions can be divided into several types according to different criteria.The function and general characteristics of the person skilled in the art provided in patent law are roughly the same among different countries.Compared with other inventions,the person skilled in the art of AI-related inventions has specificity.A wide range of prior art that they have access to can be seen as a group composed of experts from computer fields and application fields.There are complicated technical problems to be solved,heightening the threshold of inventive step,making it harder for examiners and judges to formulate the objective technical problem.Benefited from AI tools,the person skilled in the art possesses high standard of creativity,looking for a technical means in other fields based on the identical function or purpose,and combination of known technical elements or integration of functional modules have becoming conventional practice.AI presents challenges on the identification of the person skilled in the art from these four aspects,namely the classification of technical felds,the requirement of natural person,the intrinsic cognition on the level of technology,and the distinction on the degree of technical contributions between person and machine.To cope with challenges,the special provisions on subject matter eligibility,inventive step and disclosure that many countries including China has laid down brought some inspiration to fit the specificity of the person skilled in the art of AI-related inventions.
出处
《知识产权》
北大核心
2023年第3期101-126,共26页
Intellectual Property
