摘要
城市发展增加了人为热和空气污染物的排放,高密度的城市结构又抑制其排出,城市热环境和空气质量日益恶化。本文综述了城市热环境和空气质量改善相关研究,主要包括城市空间形态指标、植被、城市建设材料、水体、新技术应用等方面。并基于热环境、空气污染物与优化措施之间的内在关系,分析了优化措施的共通性和矛盾性。结果表明,城市热环境与空气污染物浓度分布有着很强的相关性,虽然以上措施均能有效改善热环境和空气质量,但在应用时还应注意措施的负面影响,避免顾此失彼。由于热环境与空气污染物相互作用机理尚不明确,以及耦合模型的缺失,综合优化措施发展受到限制。因此,建立基于两者相互作用机理的耦合模型,提出综合改善措施将成为该领域的重要方向,对城市可持续发展至关重要。
Anthropogenic heat and pollutant emissions rise with urbanization progress,while highdensity structures act as catalyst in aggravating the concern.Many researches in environmental epidemiology have demonstrated that personal exposure to heat events and air pollution simultaneously leads to adverse health effects including elevated risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and human mortality and morbidity.However,comprehensive reviews of studies on two-way interactions and mitigation measures between air pollutants and thermal environment parameters remain rare.This work addresses this gap by systematically reviewing related studies from the past two decades.In this paper,the research on the urban thermal environment and air quality improvement is reviewed,mainly including the urban morphology,vegetation,urban construction materials,blue measures,and application of new technologies,etc.It also focuses on the interactions between air pollutants and the thermal environment,and critical factors are air temperature,wind,relative humidity,solar radiation,and concentrations of air pollutants.Thus,the action mechanisms and specific practices of various mitigation strategies to improve air quality in the urban thermal environment are as follows.Urban morphology can significantly alter air temperature,wind speed,solar radiation,and air pollutant concentrations are indirectly influenced by changes in the wind field.The shading effect of urban morphology is easy to implement and has a significant effect on thermal comfort.Urban morphology has more obvious mitigation impacts on the thermal environment than other measures,which is constrained by many other factors in practice.Since most studies were conducted in warm weather,compact urban structures were recommended,such as higher aspect ratio,building height,and density.By contrast,open design guidelines are often used to improve ventilation and air quality,such as higher SVF and setback design.Vegetation modifies micro-climatic parameters in terms of air temperature,
作者
王美林
马航
沈鹏元
WANG Meilin;MA Hang;SHEN Pengyuan
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2023年第2期106-114,共9页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然基金青年科学基金项目(52008132)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2019A1515111194)
深圳市优秀科技创新人才培养项目(RCBS20200714114921062)。
关键词
微气候
空气污染物
优化措施
城市空间形态
综合策略
Microclimate
Air Pollution
Optimization Measures
Urban Morphology
Comprehensive Strategy
