摘要
为探明在滴灌条件下化肥减施对小麦产量及品质的影响,于2020—2021年以晋南麦区主推品种为供试材料,采用裂区设计,以小麦品种为主区,施肥模式为副区,调查其产量和品质指标。结果表明:小麦品种间化肥减施潜力不同,4个小麦品种化肥减施潜力依次为‘烟农1212’>‘济麦22’>‘石农086’>‘品育8012’,小麦产量主要受限于群体数量和千粒重。施肥量对小麦蛋白质组分的影响因品种而异;适量减施化肥有利于提高‘济麦22’‘石农086’和‘烟农1212’的面团流变学特性,进而改善小麦的加工品质。试验表明:晋南地区冬小麦在生育期进行化肥减施,即总施纯N 240 kg∕hm^(2),其中基施纯N 180.0 kg∕hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)105.0 kg∕hm^(2)、K_(2)O_(3)4.5 kg∕hm^(2),拔节期追施纯N 60.0 kg∕hm^(2),‘烟农1212’和‘济麦22’能够实现稳产提质和化肥减施增效。
In order to investigate the effects of fertilizer application reduction on wheat yield and quality under drip irrigation conditions,4 wheat varieties mainly promoted in the southern Shanxi wheat region were used as test materials in 2020—2021.A split plot design was adopted,with wheat varieties as the main plot and fertilization modes as the sub plot,to investigate their yield and quality indexes.The results showed that there were differences in the potential for reducing fertilizer application among wheat varieties.The potential for reducing fertilizer application among the 4 wheat varieties was in the order of‘Yannong 1212’>‘Jimai 22’>‘Shinong 086’>‘Pinyu 8012’,and the wheat yield was mainly limited by population number and 1000-grain weight.The effects of fertilization rate on the protein components of wheat varied by variety.Proper reduction of fertilizer application was conducive to improving the dough rheology properties of‘Jimai 22’,‘Shinong 086’and‘Yannong 1212’,and thus improving the processing quality of wheat.The experiment showed that reducing fertilizer application during the growth period of winter wheat in the southern region of Shanxi,with a total nitrogen application rate of 240 kg∕hm^(2),including pure N 180.0 kg∕hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)105.0 kg∕hm^(2),K_(2)O 34.5 kg∕hm^(2) of base fertilizer,and top dressing pure N 60.0 kg∕hm^(2) during the jointing stage,‘Yannong 1212’and‘Jimai 22’could achieve stable yield and quality improvement,as well as reduced fertilizer application and increased efficiency.
作者
张晶
张定一
党建友
裴雪霞
ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Dingyi;DANG Jianyou;PEI Xuexia(Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)
出处
《上海农业学报》
2023年第2期44-49,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Shanghai
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03)
山西省重点研发计划(201903D221022)。
关键词
化肥减施
小麦
品种
产量
品质
Reduction of fertilizer application
Wheat
Varieties
Yield
Quality
