摘要
在稻麦两熟条件下,将2016-2017和2017-2018年江苏扬州参试的24个和江苏睢宁参试的23个小麦品种按氮肥表观利用率(NUR)划分为高效(NUR≥50%)、中效(NUR 40%~50%)和低效(NUR≤40%)品种类型,比较其产量、产量构成因素和群体质量指标的差异,为稻茬小麦品种选用和大面积高产高效生产提供参考。结果表明,两年度在扬州均表现出高效的品种为扬麦25和宁麦21,在睢宁为淮麦35。扬州和睢宁氮高效品种产量分别高于6500 kg hm^-2和7000 kg hm^-2,均显著高于其他类型。与氮中效和氮低效品种相比,氮高效品种具有较高的穗数,穗粒数和千粒重品种类型间差异不显著。不同品种间产量和穗数与NUR均呈线性正相关。氮高效品种具有较高的孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数,分蘖成穗率,乳熟期叶面积指数,孕穗期、开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,花后干物质积累量和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量。不同氮效率品种类型间花前干物质转运量和收获指数差异不显著。相关性分析表明,两地不同品种类型间孕穗期和开花期茎蘖数、乳熟期LAI、主要生育时期干物质积累量、花后和成熟期各营养器官干物质积累量均与氮肥表观利用率呈极显著线性正相关。表明稻茬小麦氮高效品种生育早期表现出较强分蘖能力,且生育后期具有较高叶面积指数和光合生产能力,可用于灌浆的花后同化物质较多。本研究初步提出成熟期干物质积累量16,000~20,000 kg hm^-2和花后干物质积量4100~6700 kg hm^-2可作为稻茬小麦高产高效品种的筛选指标。
In the rice-wheat rotation system, 24 and 23 wheat cultivars were separately planted in Yangzhou and Suining of Jiangsu province in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. According to nitrogen utilization rate(NUR), these cultivars were clustered into three groups, i.e., NUR-H(NUR ≥ 50%), NUR-M(NUR 40%–50%), and NUR-L(NUR ≤ 40%), to identify the differences in grain yield, yield components, and population quality, which would provide a reference for cultivar selection for high-yield and high-efficiency in wheat production. Yangmai 25 and Ningmai 21 in Yangzhou and Huaimai 35 in Suining showed NUR-H phenotypes in consecutive two years. Grain yield of the NUR-H cultivars was more than 6500 kg hm^-2 in Yangzhou and 7000 kg hm^-2 in Suining, which were significantly higher than those of NUR-M and NUR-L groups. NUR-H group had more spikes, and it grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were not significantly different from those of the other groups. Grain yield and spikes number were significantly positively correlated with NUR among different cultivars. More stem and tiller number, higher percentage of fertile tillers and higher leaf area index(LAI) at the milk-ripening stage were shown in the NUR-H group. A higher dry matter accumulation at stages of booting, anthesis, and maturity, after anthesis, and in the vegetative organs at maturity were found in the NUR-H group. However, there were no differences in dry matter remobilization and harvest index among different cultivars. Number of stems and tillers at booting and anthesis, LAI at the milk-ripe stage, and dry matter accumulation at each stage after anthesis, and in the vegetative organs at maturity were significantly positively correlated with NUR in the all cultivar in two sites. A vigorous tillering capacity at the early growing phase and a higher LAI and photosynthetic production at the late growth stages could be observed in NUR-H cultivars, resulting in more photosynthate for grain-filling. Furthermore, the critical parameters of cultivar screening for high-yiel
作者
丁永刚
李福建
王亚华
汤小庆
杜同庆
朱敏
李春燕
朱新开
丁锦峰
郭文善
DING Yong-Gang;LI Fu-Jian;WANG Ya-Hua;TANG Xiao-Qing;DU Tong-Qing;ZHU Min;LI Chun-Yan;ZHU Xin-Kai;DING Jin-Feng;GUO Wen-Shan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Suining Plant Protection Management Station,Xuzhou 221200,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期544-556,共13页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405)
国家自然科学基金项目(31771711)
江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系建设项目
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目
江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目(PPZY2015A060)
扬州大学科技创新团队项目资助~~
关键词
稻茬小麦
品种
氮肥表观利用率
产量构成
群体质量
wheat following rice
varieties
nitrogen utilization rate
yield components
population quality characteristics
