摘要
“具有损害社会公共利益重大风险”是预防性环境民事公益诉讼事实认定的核心内容。案件事实的认定乃至司法裁判的作出都需要以正当性为基础,然而,“重大风险”是特殊的“事实”,其本质是基于环境风险的法律评价,属于较高层次的事实认定范畴,并且具有未来面向。环境风险的不确定性、事实认定者专门知识的缺乏以及因果关系的证明困难给“重大风险”的认定造成了严重的认知障碍,法官很难据此形成对事实的正当信念。在认识论功能受限的情况下,应当探索“重大风险”认定的价值论进路,以应对科学的不确定性,为专门性证据的审查划定界限,并且根据公益诉讼的特殊价值导向重构因果关系的认定机制,补强“重大风险”事实认定的正当性。
The core content of the fact finding of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation is the“significant risk of harming the social public interest”. The justification should be taken as the basis for the identification of the facts of the case and the making of judicial decisions. However,“major risk”as the special“fact”is the legal evaluation based on environmental risk in essence,which belongs to a higher level of fact finding category,and has a future orientation. The serious cognitive obstacles are caused by the uncertainty of environmental risk,the lack of expertise of the fact finder,and the difficulty in proving causality to the determination of“significant risk”,so judges are hard to form a legitimate belief in the facts. Under the condition of limited epistemology functions,the axiology to the identification of“significant risk”should be explored to deal with scientific uncertainty and delimit the boundaries for the review of specialized evidence.The identification mechanism of causality should be reconstructed in line with the special value orientation of public interest litigation,and the justification of the identification of“significant risk”should be strengthened.
出处
《河南社会科学》
北大核心
2023年第4期76-84,共9页
Henan Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“公私法协动视野下生态环境损害救济机制体系化研究”(21CFX076)。
关键词
预防性环境公益诉讼
重大风险
事实认定
认识论
价值论
正当性
Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation
Major Risk
Fact Finding
Epistemology
Axiology
Justification
