摘要
马约拉纳费米子遵循非阿贝尔统计,在拓扑量子计算和量子信息处理方面具有潜在的应用前景。过去十多年中,各种可能存在马约拉纳零模的复合低维凝聚态系统相继被提出,并通过各种电学手段探测到了类似马约拉纳费米子的信号,如半导体纳米线/超导体系统、铁原子链/超导结构、铁基超导复合系统,以及拓扑绝缘体/超导体异质结等,并且拓扑绝缘体可能存在马约拉纳费米子的提议备受关注。最近几年也在实验上观测到了类似马约拉纳费米子的信号。然而对于马约拉纳费米子在低维凝聚态系统中存在的确凿证据以及马约拉纳费米子实现的拓扑量子计算还有待研究。本文综述了在各种复合低维凝聚态系统中找寻马约拉纳费米子的方案,并对实验探寻马约拉纳费米子的电学方法进行了详细的阐述。当前马约拉纳费米子的理论研究和实验探测方案主要集中在电学测量方面,为了得到更确凿的马约拉纳费米子的证据,有必要提出可供选择的探测马约拉纳费米子的方法或模型。考虑目前在微纳尺度上的技术进展,结合复合微纳系统,通过引入光学泵浦-探测技术,提出一系列全光学探测马约拉纳费米子的方法。然后,对光学探测马约拉纳费米子,以及马约拉纳费米子诱导的相干光学传输进行了综述。最后,展望了在固态量子器件中马约拉纳费米子在拓扑量子计算上的应用前景。
Majorana fermions(MF)obey nonAbelian statistics and have potential applications in topological quantum computation and quantum information processing.Several types of hybrid devices that can possibly host MFs in lowlatitude condensed matter systems have been proposed in the last decade,including hybrid semiconductor nanowire/superconductor devices,iron chains on the superconducting surface,hybrid ironbased superconductor,and topological insulator/superconductor structures,with the analogous Majorana signals have been observed in the above hybrid system with different electrical means.And the proposal that there may be Majorana fermions in topological insulators has attracted much attention.Although a mass of theoretical schemes have been proposed consecutively,and similar Majorana signatures have been experimentally demonstrated,no conclusive evidence of the existence of MFs in lowlatitude condensed matter systems is available and MFsbased topological quantum computing is difficult to achieve.In this review,we introduce several schemes for detecting MFs in lowlatitude condensed matter systems,as well as elaborate on the different electrical means for probing MFs.Most MFs detection schemes focus on electronic transport properties recently,and in order to obtain more conclusive evidence of MFs,it is necessary to propose alternative methods for detecting MFs.Alternative setups or proposals for detecting MFs are thus required to obtain definitive signatures of MFs.We introduced an alloptical pumpprobe technology accompanying hybrid micro-and nanosystems,and proposed a series of all-optical methods for detecting MFs,benefiting from recent progress in nanotechnology.Moreover,we also review the optical detection of MFs and MFsinduced coherent optical propagation.Finally,we anticipate quantum computation using MFs in solidstate quantum devices.
作者
陈华俊
Chen Huajun(School of Mechanics and Photoelectric Physics,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China)
出处
《激光与光电子学进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期18-32,共15页
Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
基金
国家自然科学基金(11647001,11804004)
中国博士后科学基金(2020M681973)
安徽省自然科学基金(1708085QA11)
高校优秀青年骨干教师国外访问研修项目(gxgwfx2021024)
安徽理工大学引进人才科研启动项目(11211)。
关键词
量子光学
马约拉纳费米子
半导体纳米线
铁原子链
超导结构
拓扑绝缘体
光学泵浦-探测技术
量子点
纳米机械振子
quantum optics
Majorana fermions
semiconductor nanowire
iron chains
superconductor structures
topological insulator
optical pumpprobe technology
quantum dot
nanomechanical resonator
