摘要
如期实现2030年前碳达峰与2060年前碳中和是中国做出的重大战略决策与大国责任的重要体现。目前,居民食品消费已经成为全球能源消费的主要增长点,同时也是制约“双碳”目标顺利实现的重要影响因素。该研究根据1990—2020年《中国统计年鉴》的数据资料,对比分析了中国城乡居民食品消费碳足迹、碳足迹构成及相关影响因素。研究发现:①中国城乡居民食品消费产生的温室气体年均达到23.26亿t,占到中国温室气体排放量的20.51%。②近30年来城镇居民人均食品消费产生的温室气体持续高于农村居民,但近10年来差异逐渐缩小;城镇居民食品消费碳足迹主要来自动物类食品,尤其是水产品、猪肉与牛肉,2015年以来动物类食品消费碳足迹逐渐超过植物类食品成为农村居民食品消费碳足迹的主要来源,这意味着中国食品消费结构已全面进入动物类产品主导的时代。③近年来,中国城乡居民人均动物类食品消费量均有所上升,但碳排放强度相对较高的猪牛羊肉消费所占比例均有所下降,碳排放强度相对较低的禽肉及蛋奶制品消费比例均大幅上升,说明目前中国食品消费结构具备一定的可持续发展潜力。④蔬菜及干鲜瓜果消费量的增加会显著降低农村居民食品消费碳足迹,蛋类食品消费量的增加会显著降低城镇居民食品消费碳足迹,提示城乡居民可适当多消费上述食品以降低食品消费碳足迹。⑤人口城乡结构及人均可支配收入均显著影响城乡居民动物类及植物类食品消费的碳足迹。研究认为,短期内中国食品消费碳足迹还会呈现上涨趋势,但长远来看,合理的膳食结构调整、人均可支配收入的持续增加、城乡人口结构性改革能够在很大程度上降低食品消费碳足迹,因此如期推动食品消费领域“双碳”目标的实现是可预见的。
Reaching peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 as scheduled is a major strategic decision made by China and an important manifestation of its mission as a responsible major country.Household food consumption has become the main growth point of global energy consumption and an important factor for China in restricting the realization of the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.Based on the data of the China Statistical Yearbook of 1990-2020,this study comparatively analyzed the carbon footprint(CF)of food consumption,the CF composition,and the related influential factors of urban and rural residents in China.The results showed that:①The average annual greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from food consumption by urban and rural residents reached 2.326 billion tons,accounting for 20.51%of the national GHG emissions.②The GHG emissions from food consumption by urban residents were higher than those of rural residents during the last 30 years,yet the difference was narrowing in the past ten years.Animal-based products,especially seafood,pork,and beef,were the main sources of the GHG emissions of urban residents,while the GHG emissions from animal-based products exceeded those of plant-based products in rural areas since 2015.This finding demonstrated that China has entered an era dominated by animal-based products.③In recent years,animal-based product consumption of both urban and rural residents has increased,while the percentage of the consumption of pork,beef,and mutton with high carbon emission densities has decreased and the percentage of the consumption of poultry,milk,and eggs with small carbon emission densities has increased significantly,indicating that the food consumption structure in China has a certain potential for sustainable development.④The increasing consumption of vegetables and fruit could significantly reduce the CF of rural residents,while the increasing consumption of eggs could significantly reduce the CF of urban residents,suggesting th
作者
苏冰涛
SU Bingtao(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan Shandong 250100,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期13-22,共10页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国城乡居民食品消费的生态足迹测评与可持续发展路径研究”(批准号:20CSH063)
山东省社会科学基金项目“基于‘生态足迹’法的山东省城乡居民食品消费结构升级研究”(批准号:20DSHJ03)
山东省自然科学基金项目“绿色发展视域下山东省规模生猪养殖场(户)‘生态足迹’的量化及其路径优化研究”(批准号:ZR2020QG047)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目“我国农村居民食品消费的生态足迹测评与可持续发展模式研究”(批准号:2020M682150)。
关键词
城乡居民
食品消费结构
碳足迹
城乡人口结构
可支配收入
urban and rural residents
food consumption structure
carbon footprint
urban and rural population structure
per capita disposable income
