摘要
当前,数字经济呈现出与一般商品经济不同的诸多新特点,但其生产关系并未能超越马克思劳动价值论的范畴。从生产劳动的目的性、“数字活动者”同生产资料的分离程度、劳动力的补偿、使用价值和价值的创造、资本主义生产条件下资本与劳动的关系方面看,平台经济“无酬”阶段的“数字活动”不属于劳动,更不属于生产劳动。“无酬阶段”的“数字活动”产生的“原始数据”的价值既不是一般互联网用户的“数字活动”本身创造的,也不是数字平台“在从数据中创造价值方面”起了“关键作用”,而是数字平台的价值在“无酬阶段”的“数字活动”过程中转移到了“原始数据”上。数据商品的价值来自平台专业劳动者所进行的平台化生产、维护等劳动,而非普通平台用户的“数字活动”。在厘清平台资本主义生产全过程的基础上可以发现,新型数字化平台获得的高额利润一方面来自对“活劳动”的剥削,另一方面来自由垄断带来的垄断利润。我国在融入数字经济全球化浪潮中,要摒弃数字资本主义的弊端,充分发挥中国特色社会主义的制度优势,激活数字经济变量,推动经济社会高质量发展。
At present,the digital economy presents many new characteristics which different from the general commodity economy,but its production relations have not exceeded the scope of Marx’s labor theory of value.From the perspectives of the purpose of productive labor,the degree of separation between“digital activists”and means of production,the compensation of labor force,the creation ofthe use value and thevalue,and the relationship between capital and labor under capitalist production conditions,“digital activities”in the“unpaidstage”of the platform economy do not belong to labor,let alone productive labor.The value of the“raw data”generated by the“digital activities”of the“unpaid stage”is neither created by the“digital activities”of ordinary internet users themselves,nor does the digital platform playing a“key role”in“creating value from the data”,but the value of the data platform is transferred to the“raw data”in the process of“digital activities”in the“unpaid stage”in essence.The value of data commodities comes from the platform-based production,maintenance and other labor carried out by platform professional workers,rather than the“digital activities”of ordinary platform users.On the basis of clarifying the whole production process of platform capitalism,it can be found that the high profits obtained by the new digital platform come from the exploitation of“living labor”on the one hand,and the monopoly profits brought by monopoly on the other hand.In the process of integrating into the wave of digital economic globalization,China needs to abandon the drawbacks of digital capitalism,fully leverage the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics,activate digital economic variables,and promote high-quality economic and social development.
作者
张立伟
鲁彦楷
倪琳
ZHANG Liwei;LU Yankai;NI Lin(School of Economics and Management,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhott,Inner Mongolia 010022;Periodical Office,Inner Mongolia Academy of Social Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010)
出处
《长白学刊》
北大核心
2023年第3期101-108,共8页
Changbai Journal
关键词
数字经济
平台资本主义
生产劳动
价值转移
高额利润
Digital Economy
Platform Capitalism
Productive Labor
Transfer of Value
High Profits
