摘要
翻滚流是水域救援中常见的危险性极高的水流形态之一,已造成大量人员伤亡和救援人员牺牲。为全面剖析翻滚流水域的危险性,本文在大量调研和案例分析的基础上,发现低水坝下的翻滚流本质是一种“淹没水跃”,具有难发现易低估、有创伤风险、水温低缩短人员存活时间、气泡量大造成浮力降低、自救和救援难度大等特点。结合实践经验和理论分析,提出翻滚流水域保持冷静调整呼吸、从岸边脱困、从底部或水面顺流游出脱困等自救方法,探讨岸上救援、舟艇救援、阻水救援等救援方法,并给出注意事项和示意图,研究成果对救援人员认识低水坝和翻滚流、掌握翻滚流安全自救和救援方法具有借鉴意义。
Tumbling flow is one of the most dangerous flow patterns in water rescue,which has caused a large number of casualties and rescuers'sacrifice.In order to comprehensively analyze the danger of tumbling water area,on the basis of a large number of investigations and case studies,this paper found that the tumbling flow under low dams is essentially a"submerged hydraulic jump",which is difficult to find and easy to underestimate,has traumatic risks,low water temperature shortens the survival time of personnel,large bubble volume reduces buoyancy,and is difficult to rescue and rescue.In combination with practical experience and theoretical analysis,five self rescue methods are proposed,including keeping calm and adjusting breathing in the tumbling water area,escaping from the shore,and swimming downstream from the bottom or water surface.Five rescue methods,including shore rescue,boat rescue,and water blocking rescue,are proposed,and precautions and schematic diagrams are given.The research results have reference significance for rescuers to understand low dams and tumbling flow,and master the safety self rescue and rescue methods of tumbling flow.
作者
黄东方
石文俊
徐常亮
邵薇
Huang Dongfang;Shi Wenjun;Xu Changliang;Shao Wei(China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102200,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Anhui Hefei 230026,China;Kunming Training Corps of Fire Rescue Bureau of MEM,Yunnan Kunming 650200,China)
出处
《消防科学与技术》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第3期401-406,共6页
Fire Science and Technology
关键词
翻滚流
低水坝
救援方法
案例分析
rolling water
low dam
rescue methods
case analysis
