摘要
【目的】研究不同氮、磷、钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响,建立肥效模型,提供能够有效增产的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量,为集成鹰嘴豆高产栽培提供参考。【方法】2019~2020年以白鹰1号为材料,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计进行田间试验。试验地常用施肥量为N:58 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5):69 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O:60 kg/hm^(2)。设氮、磷、钾4个施肥水平为0(不施肥)、1(常用施肥量×0.5)、2(常用施肥量)、3(常用施肥量×1.5)。调查鹰嘴豆生育日数、株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒重、干重、根长和产量等指标,研究不同氮、磷、钾处理鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状的变化,拟合并优化氮、磷、钾施肥效应进行方程,分析氮、磷、钾肥对鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状单因素和互作效应,分别得到最高产量和最佳经济效益下的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量。【结果】鹰嘴豆生育日数、主茎分枝数和单荚粒数受肥料施用量变化影响较小,单株荚数和百粒重共同决定了产量。N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理下的株高、单株荚数、百粒重均为最高,根长较长。缺氮处理和缺钾处理的产量显著低于缺磷处理,对产量的影响为N>K_(2)O>P_(2)O_(5)。氮、磷、钾3种肥料对鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状均产生明显的单因素和互作效应,鹰嘴豆的经济效益与产量变化一致。各指标达到最大值时氮、磷、钾的施用量:产量Y_(1):3801 kg/hm^(2),N:75.8 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5):82.5 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O:90 kg/hm^(2);株高Y_(2):84 cm,N:74.1 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5):80.1 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O:90 kg/hm^(2);单株荚数Y_(3):164.9荚,N:72.7 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5):83.7 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O:90 kg/hm^(2);百粒重Y_(4):38.7 g、地上干重Y_(5):147.6 g、地下干重Y_(6):6.3 g、根长Y 7:19.1 cm,N:87 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5):103.5 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O:90 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】鹰嘴豆的生育日数、主茎分枝数和单荚粒数受肥料施用
【Objective】Chickpea is suitable to be planted in arid and semi-arid areas with poor soil in China.The variation regularities of chickpea applied with different fertilizations is in urgent need of research.It is important for integrating high-yield cultivation technique of chickpea to explore effects of different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments on yield on yield,agronomic traits and economic benefit of chickpea,establish the fertilizer response model,and find out the optimal fertilizer rate.【Methods】Baiying 1 was used in a field experiment designed“3414”incomplete orthogonal regression during 2019 and 2020.The conventional fertilizer rates were N:58 kg/hm 2,P_(2)O_(5):69 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O:60 kg/hm^(2),and four levels of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O in the treatments included 0(no fertilization),1(half conventional),2(conventional)and 3(1.5 folds of conventional).The growth period,plant height,branches,pods per plant,seeds per pod,100-seed weight,dry matter,root length and yield of chickpea were measured to study the variation of yield and agronomic traits of chickpea at different nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium treatments,and empirical models were established for analyzing the single factor and interaction effects to achieve the optimum rate of fertilizer application.【Results】The effects of growth period,branches and seeds per pod showed less variation at different fertilization treatments,and the yield was affected by pods per plant and 100-seed weight.The highest value of plant height,pods per plant and 100-seed weight was at N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),where the root length was longer.The yield of the nitrogen and the potassium deficiency treatments were significantly lower than that of the phosphorus deficiency treatment,and the effects on the yield was N>K_(2)O>P_(2)O_(5).The single factor and interaction effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were obvious to the yield and agronomic traits,and the economic benefit was consistent with the yield of chickpea.The corresponding regression equatio
作者
郝曦煜
杨涛
张俊杰
李雪
张仲鹃
武晨清
宗绪晓
冷友斌
陈博
郭来春
HAO Xiyu;YANG Tao;ZHANG Junjie;LI Xue;ZHANG Zhongjuan;WU Chenqing;ZONG Xuxiao;LENG Youbin;CHEN Bo;GUO Laichun(Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100015,China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng Jilin 137000,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Food and Bioengineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期555-566,共12页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08)
白城市科技发展计划项目“特色杂粮杂豆新品种培育与配套栽培技术集成”(202104)。
关键词
鹰嘴豆
产量
农艺性状
经济效益
氮磷钾
Chickpea
yield
agronomic traits
economic benefit
nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium
