摘要
动物有没有道德?有道德的动物是否需要有形成信念的能力?这两个问题都还没有定论。从动物研究的经验证据来看,有些动物能感受彼此的苦乐,能互相帮助;这些动物心智生活和行为的特征,需要我们扩展道德的概念。但是,动物没有克服认知器官的自然倾向的能力,从典型的人类信念状态来看,动物没有信念这种有高度理智化特征的心理状态。这种温和心智主义的观点比起竞争立场要更稳健,它承认动物丰富的心智生活,但拒绝用特别理智化的方式看待动物。
Can animals be moral?This question is closely related to another question,i.e.,can animals have beliefs.This paper defends a modest mentalist view which holds that some animals can be moral,however,they don’t have beliefs.First,I put forward my argument for what seems to me to be the correct answer to my question.Then,I defend some premises of the argument,mainly the claim that some animals can be moral since they feel each other’s pain and pleasure,and the claim that belief is a kind of highly intellectualized psychological state which animals cannot have.Next,I will look at some of the points which could lead to misunderstanding,and compare my view with some competitive views.Finally,I briefly sum up the discussion.
出处
《哲学分析》
2023年第2期21-34,196,共15页
Philosophical Analysis
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“动物行为的心智主义解释研究”(项目编号:22BZX023)。
