摘要
不同主体之间的交往、理解、沟通是否可能以及如何可能?在对人之“在”的沉思中,庄子对此作了多方面考察,后者首先体现于濠梁之辩。濠梁之辩在理论上既涉及他人之心是否可知,也关联着“如何可能知”与“以何种方式知”有无区分或二者能否等同。惠施作为对话的一方对前一个问题持怀疑的态度,但其推论的过程又包含着内在的悖论;庄子对鱼之乐的可知性予以了确认,后者同时蕴涵着对他人之心是否可知这一问题的肯定回应。不过,在论证以上立场的过程中,庄子又将“如何可能知”的问题转换为“以何种方式知”,从而在逻辑上犯有转换论题的错误。当然,知“鱼”之乐所隐喻的知他人之心,同时又涉及社会领域中人与人之间的交往、理解、沟通过程。从后一角度看,肯定他人之心的可知性,无疑为确认交往过程中人与人相互理解、沟通的可能性提供了内在的根据。广而言之,人存在于世,总是难以避免与他人的共处,而在共处或“群于人”的过程中,则不能不发生彼此之间的交往及相互理解,庄子着重分析了存在境域对人与人之间相互理解的影响。通过共处、交往过程中的对话而达到相互理解,以存在方式及存在形态的转换为其指向。就人自身之“在”而言,存在形态既涉及外在的生活境域,也关乎内在的精神世界,庄子对后者给予了更多的关注。
Whether and how it is possible to communicate and understand between different subjects？ In reflecting the ＂being＂ of the humans, Zhuang Zi makes a multiple investigation on it, and it is firstly embodied at the debate of Hao-Liang. The debate is theoretically concerning whether the mind of the others is knowable, and is also concerning whether if there is any distinction between ＂how it is possible to know＂ and ＂in what way to know＂ or whether the two can be the same. Broadly speaking, people exist in the world and are unavoidable to co-exist with the others, while in the process of co-existence and ＂among the people＂, it could not but producing communication and mutual understanding. Zhuang Zi＇s key analysis is contributed to the influence of existence towards mutual understanding of the people. Mutual understanding is attained through the dialogue in the process of co-existence and communication, and its direction is the transferring of the way and the morphology of being. As for the ＂being＂ of human itself, the morphology of being is either concerning the outer field of life or the innate spiritual world. Zhuang Zi pays more attention to the latter.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第8期48-55,共8页
Academic Monthly
关键词
濠梁之辩
他人
存在境域
理解
the debate of Hao-Liang, otherness, field of being, understanding
