摘要
法治是应对环境问题的重要手段,强调个体规制是环境法治对法治传统的一种承继,但整体观下的总行为规制理论认为强化个体规制并不能决定污染总排放的下降。因此,文章以2015年《环境保护法》的修订为节点,采用广义双重差分法,实证分析了《环境保护法》修订前后中国环境司法强度和污染排放的变化,并进一步对二者间的相关性进行讨论,以期为总行为规制理论与环境法治的未来革新提供更为夯实的理论基石。文章通过研究得出了一个反常识的结论:《环境保护法》的修订显著提升了中国各省份的环境司法强度,显著降低了各省份的污染总排放量,但环境司法强度与污染总排放之间并不存在明显的即时或延时相关性。该结论意味着:传统环境法治强调且确实提升了个体规制的强度,但强化个体规制并不能成为减少污染总排放的充分条件。因此,环境保护法律应当实现“从个体转向整体”的革新,在坚持个体规制的同时,让地方政府为辖区内所有个体的总行为负责,确保总行为产生的污染排放结果处于环境承载力之内。
The rule of law is an important means for China to deal with environmental problems,and emphasizing individual regulation can be seen as an extension of the rule of law in the environment.However,the overall behavior regulation theory believes that strengthening individual regulation cannot determine the reduction of total pollution emissions.Therefore,based on the revision of the Environ⁃mental Protection Law in 2015,this study used the generalized difference-in-differences method to empirically analyze the change in China's environmental judicial intensity and that of pollution emissions before and after the revision,and further explored the correlation between the two in the hope of providing a more solid theoretical foundation for the future innovation of the total behavior regulation theory and environmental rule of law.The analysis led to a conclusion that defied common sense:the revision of the Environmental Pro⁃tection Law did significantly improve the environmental judicial intensity in all provinces in China and significantly reduced their total pollution emissions,but there was no obvious immediate or delayed correlation between judicial intensity and total pollution emissions.Thus,the Environmental Protection Law should attempt to realize the reform of applying the regulations‘from individual to whole.’While insisting on individual regulation,local governments should be responsible for the total behavior of all individuals within the jurisdiction to ensure that the pollution emissions generated by the total behavior are within the environmental carrying capacity.
作者
姜渊
陈子琦
JIANG Yuan;CHEN Ziqi(School of Law,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315000,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310018,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期19-29,共11页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金重大项目“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展法律制度体系研究”(批准号:20&ZD185)
2021年国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“地方政府环境质量责任研究”(批准号:21FFXB068)。
关键词
个体规制
环境司法强度
污染总排放
总行为规制
广义双重差分法
individual regulation
environmental judicial intensity
total pollution emissions
total behavior regulation
generalized difference‑in‑differences method
