摘要
目的:本研究通过观察青少年青春期及不同发育时相体适能发育特点,探讨对青春期青少年健康促进的启示。方法:选取上海市9~15岁青少年参加测试,2016—2018年合计测试1 215人次,连续参加3次测试的共有151人。所有受试者均进行了骨龄、形态、机能、素质与血清睾酮测试。计算群体样本横截面平均值与标准差、各指标年变化量并观察各指标青春期期间发育规律;按照末次测试时发育程度对追踪样本进行分组,计算并比较其初次测试时各指标Z值变化。结果:男性最大身高增长速度(peak of height velocity,PHV)为6.77 cm/年,对应的年龄为13岁;女性PHV为6.30 cm/年,对应的年龄为11岁。男女性坐高、上臂紧张围、体重、肌肉质量等指标峰值均出现在PHV之后;指距峰值男女性与PHV同步出现;男性下肢长B峰值出现在PHV之前,而女性与PHV同步;男性肩宽峰值出现在PHV之后,女性与PHV同步。男性睾酮与PHV同步出现。机能及素质指标年变化值差异较小。男性形态指标Z值发育偏早个体均大于0,发育正常个体接近于0,发育偏晚个体Z值小于0;女性形态指标规律与男性一致。结论:青少年发育类型可以通过计算和比较其形态学指标的Z值均值估计;青少年体适能健康促进者可以通过青少年的PHV年龄评估青少年发育类型,再结合各项体适能发育规律,设计有针对性的干预方案。
Objective:This study aimed to discover the physical fitness development patterns during puberty and different maturity status,and to explore insights into health promotion for adolescents.Methods:Children aged 9-15 years old participated in the test,totaling 1,215 tests in 2016-2018.A total of 151 individuals participated in three consecutive tests.All subjects were tested for bone age,anthropometric and fitness characteristics,and testosterone.The cross-sectional mean and standard deviation of the group sample were calculated,the annual variation of each indicator was calculated and the developmental pattern during puberty was observed for each indicator.The follow-up samples were grouped according to their level of development at the last test,and changes in their Z scores for each indicator at the first test were calculated and compared.Results:peak of height velocity(PHV)in men was 6.77 cm/yr.,age at PHV(aPHV)was 13 years;female PHV was 6.30 cm/yr.,aPHV was 11 years.Peak sitting height,maximum biceps circumference,body weight,and muscle mass velocity occurred after PHV in both males and females;peak arm span velocity in both males and females synchronized with PHV;peak trochanterion height velocity appeared before PHV in males,while females’were synchronous with PHV;peak shoulder breadth velocity appeared after PHV in males,while females were synchronous with PHV.Peak testosterone velocity was synchronous with PHV.The fitness indicators had small differences in the annual change value.For anthropometric characteristics,the Z-scores were greater than 0 for male early maturity individuals,close to 0 for normally developing individuals and less than 0 for late-developing individuals.The pattern of female anthropometric indicators was similar to that of males.Conclusions:Maturity status can be estimated by calculating the mean Z-scores of their anthropometric indicators;Fitness promoters can assess adolescent developmental status by age at PHV and then design intervention programs that incorporate fitness devel
作者
朱镕鑫
许汪宇
周慧康
蔡广
ZHU Rongxin;XU Wangyu;ZHOU Huikang;CAI Guang(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science(Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency),Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Baoshan Sports Development Administration,Shanghai 201900,China;Xuhui District Second Youth Amateur Sports School,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第2期178-184,共7页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
上海市科委定向课题研究项目(项目编号:18DZ1200600)。
关键词
PHV
体适能
发育水平
体质健康
青少年
PHV
physical fitness
maturity status
physical health
adolescent
