摘要
为研究胶州湾地区主要河流表层沉积物重金属污染特征、污染来源及生态风险,2021年6月采集了青岛市4条主要河流中的51个表层沉积物样品,利用地累积指数、污染负荷指数和潜在生态风险指数法评估了重金属污染水平及其生态风险,并采用正定矩阵因子分析模型(PMF)解析了重金属污染来源及其贡献率.结果表明,胶州湾区主要河流表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Hg和Zn中值浓度分别为:5.71、0.27、124.27、26.61、24.45、12.27、0.039、91.80 mg∙kg-1.其中Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg和Zn的中值浓度均高于背景值,有一定的富集;地累积指数(Igeo)法评价结果表明,8种金属的Igeo依次为Cd(1.21)>Hg(0.79)>Cr(0.31)>Zn(0.18)>Cu(-0.21)>Ni(-0.65)>Pb(-1.00)>As(-1.34);其中Cd的污染程度最高,Hg、Cr、Zn为轻度污染,沉积物中Cu、Ni、Pb、As的Igeo<0,表明这4种金属可视为无污染.污染负荷指数(PLI)结果显示,4条河流采样点超标率依次为:李村河(100%)>墨水河(85.7%)>大沽河(66.7%)>洋河(46.1%),表明胶州湾东部流域污染较为严重;Hg和Cd对风险指数(RI)的贡献率最高,分别为61.8%和27.7%,Hg对水生生物构成最大的潜在生态危害,其次是Cd.经PMF模型源解析可知本研究区域河流表层沉积物中重金属的主要来源依次是:自然母质源(40.01%)>农业养殖源(27.88%)>工业活动源(17.01%)>大气沉降源(15.10%).
To study the pollution characteristics,sources,and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of major rivers in the Jiaozhou Bay area,Qingdao,51 samples were collected in June 2021.The level of heavy metal pollution and the ecological risk were assessed using geoaccumulation index,pollution load index and potential ecological risk index methods.The positive matrix factorization(PMF)model was employed to analyze the sources and their contributions to heavy metals.The results showed that the median concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Hg and Zn in the surface sediments of the rivers were 5.71,0.27,124.27,26.61,24.45,12.27,0.039 and 91.80 mg∙kg-1,respectively.The median concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,Ag and Zn were higher than the background values with enrichment.The geo-accumulation index(Igeo)of the 8 metals showed a decreasing order of Cd(1.21)>Hg(0.79)>Cr(0.31)>Zn(0.18)>Cu(-0.21)>Ni(-0.65)>Pb(-1.00)>As(-1.34).Among them,the contamination degree of Cd is the highest,with Hg,Cr and Zn being lightly contaminated.The negative values of Igeo for Cu,Ni,Pb and As in the sediment indicate that these four metals can be regarded as non-polluted.The results of pollution load index(PLI)showed that the standard-exceeding rates of the four rivers were in the order of Licun River(100%)>Moshui River(85.7%)>Dagu River(66.7%)>Yanghe River(46.1%),The PMF indicating the most serious pollution in the eastern watersheds of Jiaozhou Bay area.The highest contribution to risk index(RI)was observed for Hg and Cd with RIs of 61.8%and 27.7%,respectively.Mercury posed the highest potential ecological hazard to aquatic organisms,followed by Cd.Four major sources of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the rivers in the study area were identified,in the order of natural(40.01%)>farming and aquaculture(27.88%)>industrial activity(17.01%)>atmospheric deposition(15.10%).
作者
朱恺彧
仝浩玉
张大海
姚硕
李先国
ZHU Kaiyu;TONG haoyu;ZHANG Dahai;YAO Shuo;LI Xianguo(Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao,266100,China)
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期743-756,共14页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金(41276067)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019BB033)资助.
