摘要
跨国代孕所面临的法律问题纷繁复杂,其有关代孕的身份诉讼管辖权,亲子关系认定的法律适用以及外国判决文书的承认与执行等问题,均极具现实挑战性,其中亲子关系的认定对于代孕儿童的国籍、身份、抚养和继承皆意义重大;关于代孕和父母身份的国内法的冲突,使伴随代孕协议降生的孩子面临着无父母和无国籍的风险,故国家法律的差异性是意向父母在寻求跨境代孕安排时面临诸多挑战的主要原因。本文通过比较代孕合法化国家与禁止代孕国家以及我国在亲子关系认定上的法律规定差异,总结提出了我国在跨国代孕下亲子关系认定的基础设想:应以儿童最大化利益原则为基础,结合本国国情限制公共秩序保留的适用;充分肯定事实抚养关系在亲子关系认定中的重要性,并积极参与、加入跨国代孕国际公约的制定。
Transnational surrogacy is confronted with many complicated legal issues,such as the jurisdiction of identity litigation on surrogacy,the application of laws in the identification of parent-child relationship and the rec⁃ognition and execution of foreign judgment documents,which are all extremely challenging.Among them,the identi⁃fication of parent-child relationship is of great significance to the nationality,identity,raising and inheritance of sur⁃rogate children.Conflicts between domestic laws on surrogacy and parental status put children born with surrogacy agreements at risk of being parentless and stateless.Therefore,differences in national laws are the main reason for the challenges that prospective parents face when seeking cross-border surrogacy arrangements.By comparing the differences between countries that legalize surrogacy and countries that prohibit surrogacy as well as our own laws and regulations on the identification of parent-child relationship,this paper summarizes the basic ideas on the iden⁃tification of parent-child relationship under transnational surrogacy:basing on the principle of maximizing the inter⁃ests of children,combining with national conditions to limit the application of public order reservation,fully affirm⁃ing the importance of the fact dependency relationship in parent-child relationship identification,and actively par⁃ticipating in the formulation of international conventions on transnational surrogacy.
出处
《医学与法学》
2023年第2期93-98,共6页
Medicine and Jurisprudence
关键词
代孕
跨国代孕
代孕子女
亲子关系认定
surrogacy
transnational surrogacy
surrogate child
parent-child relationship identification
