摘要
在代孕行为中若是不确定母亲身份,对于代孕婴儿的身份确定、利益保护及之后一系列法律纠纷的裁决都会产生至关重要的影响。目前学术界对代孕婴儿的法定母亲身份的确认方法主要有四种:"以分娩为基础"的学说、"以血缘为基础"的学说、"以意愿为基础"的学说和"以子女最佳利益为基础"的学说。在大部分代孕合法的国家,根据相关对于代孕母亲身份确定的法律规定,通常将意向父母中的母亲定义为代孕婴儿的法定母亲。在我国法定母亲身份的确定尚存困境,主要问题在于出生证明及判决能否确定身份?代孕协议又能否确定身份?针对这些困境,为解决跨国代孕行为中法定母亲确定问题,需要国际上制定新的公约,制定有效的跨国代孕法定父母身份承认的国际法律文件。我国在处理代孕亲子关系案件时,应当采用儿童利益最大原则,充分保证代孕婴儿的权益。
In surrogacy behavior,if the identity of the mother is uncertain,it will have a crucial impact on the determination of the surrogate baby’s identity,the protection of interests and the subsequent ruling of a series of legal disputes.At present,there are four ways to confirm the legal mother status of surrogate infants in academic circles,which are"based on childbirth","based on blood relationship","based on will"and"based on the best interests of children".In most countries where surrogacy is legal,according to the relevant laws and regulations on the determination of surrogate mother’s identity,the mother of intending parents is usually defined as the legal mother of the surrogate infants.In China,there is still a dilemma in determining the legal mother’s identity.The main question is whether the birth certificate and the judgment can determine the identity.Can surrogacy agreements determine identity?In view of these difficulties,we believe that to solve the problem of determining the legal mother in transnational surrogacy,it is necessary to formulate new international conventions and effective international legal documents on the recognition of legal parent status in transnational surrogacy.When dealing with the cases of surrogate parent-child relationship,we think we the principle of the best interests of children to fully guarantee the rights and interests of surrogate infants also should be adopted.
作者
王昊旻
李筱永
Wang Haomin;Li Xiaoyong(Department of health law,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)
出处
《中国卫生法制》
2020年第4期26-29,共4页
China Health Law
关键词
代孕行为
立法现状
跨国代孕行为
法定生母
子女最佳利益原则
Surrogacy behavior
Legislative status
Transnational surrogacy behavior
Legal mother
The principle of the best interests of children
