摘要
随着锂电池在便携式电子设备和电动车辆等的广泛应用,锂的需求量在不断增加。锂辉石由于含锂量高,已经成为生产高端锂盐的主要锂源。天然锂辉石结构致密,化学性质稳定,目前的主流工艺是将α-锂辉石在高温下焙烧转型成为化学性质活泼的β-锂辉石,然后进行下一步处理。高温焙烧转型导致能耗大、提取成本较高,在“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的背景下,迫切需要开发低能耗绿色提取锂新工艺。在总结传统高温焙烧提取锂方法的基础上,深入分析锂矿石成矿机制,得出矿石提取锂的关键是破坏其铝硅酸盐结构,并综述锂辉石低碳直接提取的主要方法类拜耳法和氟化学法,它们可以直接破坏α-锂辉石的晶体结构,是未来绿色经济提取锂的新方向。
With the widespread application of lithium batteries in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles,the demand for lithium is increasing. Due to its high lithium content, spodumene has become the main lithium source for the production of high-end lithium salts. The structure of α-spodumene is dense and its chemical properties are inert. The current mainstream process is to convert α-spodumene into chemically active β-spodumene by roasting at high temperature, and then proceed to the next step. The transformation of high temperature roasting leads to high energy consumption and high extraction cost. Under the background of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutralization", it is urgent to develop a new low-energy-consumption and green lithium extraction process. On the basis of summarizing the traditional high-temperature roasting methods for lithium extraction, the ore-forming mechanism of lithium ore were analyzed, and it is concludes that the key to extracting lithium from ore is to destroy its aluminosilicate structure. The main methods for direct low-carbon extraction of spodumene(Bayer-like method and fluorine chemical method) are further reviewed. They can directly destroy the crystal structure of α-spodumene, which is a new direction for green and economic lithium extraction in the future.
作者
毛之苑
王一帆
宋云峰
孙伟
MAO Zhiyuan;WANG Yifan;SONG Yunfeng;SUN Wei(School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期628-639,共12页
Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104357,91962223)
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2022JJ40612)。
关键词
锂辉石
提取锂
冶金
碳中和
spodumene
extraction of lithium
metallurgy
carbon neutral
