摘要
【目的】自2017年以来,湖南省多花黄精上发生了一种叶部病害,为明确引起该病害的病原,拟筛选出适宜的防治药剂。【方法】利用组织分离法对病叶进行分离纯化,经形态学观察,基于rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)、肌蛋白(ACT)、几丁质合成酶(CHS-1)和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPDH)多基因的系统发育分析以及柯赫氏法则验证对病原菌进行鉴定。在此基础上通过菌丝生长速率法测定5种杀菌剂对该病原菌的室内毒力。【结果】通过组织分离法在湖南省4个多花黄精种植苗圃的带病黄精叶片上分离到16株形态一致的菌株,通过对菌株菌落形态和培养特征观察确认其为炭疽菌。对其中的菌株CLHJY4-3进行分子鉴定确定该病原菌为白蜡树炭疽菌(Colletotrichum spaethianum)。通过致病性测定,完成柯赫氏法则验证。该病原菌菌丝平均生长速率为1.1 cm/d。分生孢子长18.4~25.0μm,宽3.9~5.3μm;刚毛深褐色,具2~3隔,长79~107μm。室内毒力测定结果表明,在5种药剂中,咪鲜胺对该菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC 50为0.031μg/mL,其次为吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇,EC 50分别为0.049和0.252μg/mL。甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵的抑制作用相对较差,EC 50分别为2.911和1.763μg/mL。【结论】本研究确定了湖南多花黄精叶斑病为炭疽病,病原为白蜡树炭疽菌,并筛选到咪鲜胺和吡唑醚菌酯为对该病原菌抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂。
【Objective】Since 2017,an anthracnose was extensively occurred on Polygonatum cyrtonema in Hunan province of China.The present paper aimed to clarify the pathogen and the sensitivity of the pathogen to fungicides.【Method】The pathogen fungal stains were isolated from symptomatic leaves and identified by both morphological and molecular tools using both the ITS,ACT,CHS-1 and GPDH gene regions.Pathogenicity was confirmed with inoculation experiments that fulfilled the Koch’s postulates.On this basis,the indoor toxicity of 5 fungicides to the pathogen was determined by mycelial growth rate method.【Result】By tissue isolation,16 morphologically identical strains were isolated from the diseased leaves of four plantations in Hunan province,and the colony morphology and culture characteristics of the strains were observed to confirm that they were Colletotrichum sp..Molecular identification of CLHJY4-3 determined that the pathogen was C.spaethianum.The pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation and the Koch’s postulates was verified.The average growth rate of the hyphae of this pathogen was 1.1 cm/day.Conidia were 18.4 to 25.0μm long and 3.9 to 5.3μm wide.The seta were dark brown,with 2-3 septs,79-107μm long.The results of indoor toxicity determination showed that among the five agents,prochloraz had the strongest inhibitory effect on hyphal growth,EC 50 was 0.031μg/mL,followed by pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole,with the EC 50 of 0.049 and 0.252μg/mL,respectively.The inhibitory effects of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were relatively poor,with the EC 50 of 2.911 and 1.763μg/mL,respectively.【Conclusion】C.spaethianum was the pathogen of leaf spot of P.cyrtonema in Hunan province.Moreover,prochloraz and pyraclostrobin were screened as better fungicides against the pathogen fungus.
作者
邱泽澜
陈锦
张卓
钟杰
朱俊子
QIU Ze-lan;CHEN Jin;ZHANG Zhuo;ZHONG Jie;ZHU Jun-zi(College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期91-97,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖南省教育厅重点项目基金项目(20A257)。
关键词
炭疽菌
多花黄精
系统发育分析
柯赫氏法则
杀菌剂
Colletotrichum spaethianum
Polygonatum cyrtonema
Phylogenetic analysis
Koch’s postulates
Fungicide
