摘要
【目的】分析施肥方式及添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对稻田NH3挥发和N_(2)O排放的影响,基于稻田NH_(3)和N_(2)O减排的效果评价优化施肥措施的可行性。【方法】在太湖地区开展为期两年的稻季田间小区试验,供试脲酶抑制剂为N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制剂为对羟基苯丙酸甲酯(MHPP),用量为施氮量的1%。设置6个处理:1)不施氮肥对照(CK);2)表施尿素N 300 kg/hm^(2)(当地常规施肥,CN);3)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm2(RNB);4)尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2),50%表施,50%深施(RND);5)表施尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP(RNB+DI);6)尿素N 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP,50%表施,50%深施(RND+DI)。每次施肥后两周内,用密闭式抽气法监测稻田NH3挥发,在水稻生育期内用静态箱—气相色谱法监测稻田N2O排放。【结果】1) NH_(3)挥发主要发生在每次施氮后7天内,CN、RNB和RNB+DI处理基肥和分蘖肥施用后的NH3挥发量占总挥发量的86.63%~91.76%;稻季N_(2)O排放峰期主要出现在每次施肥后一周内和中期烤田期。2) RNB比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量29.69%~39.41%和N_(2)O排放总量13.43%~23.37%。3) RND比RNB处理可减少NH_(3)挥发总量53.50%~72.05%和N2O排放总量16.66%~23.43%。4) RNB+DI比RNB处理可减少NH3挥发总量9.57%~22.27%和N_(2)O排放总量8.77%~15.67%。5) RND+DI比CN处理可减少NH3挥发总量76.89%~82.29%和N_(2)O排放总量37.98%~48.71%。【结论】尿素总氮投入减少25%,50%由撒施改为基肥深施,并添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂,可显著减少稻季NH3挥发和N2O总排放,特别是降低NH3挥发的效果更佳;将这3种措施组合集成的RND+DI处理减排效果最佳。该综合集成措施的实际操作性强,为在水稻生产上推广应用提供了技术支撑。
【Objectives】NH3volatilization and N_(2)O emission from paddy fields were determined under different fertilization methods and urease/nitrification inhibitor addition,to optimize fertilization measures.【Methods】A two-year paddy field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region.The urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide(NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate(MHPP) were applied at 1% urea-N.The six treatments include no N application(CK),broadcasted urea N at 300 kg/hm^(2)(conventional fertilization,CN),broadcasted urea N at 225 kg/hm^(2)(RNB),50% in deep urea N application at 225 kg/hm^(2)(RND),broadcasted urea N application at 225 kg/hm^(2)+NBPT+MHPP(RNB+DI),and 50% in deep urea N placement at 225 kg/hm~2+NBPT+MHPP(RND+DI).The dynamic chamber technique was used to monitor NH3volatilization flux from the paddy field within two weeks after fertilization.The static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to monitor N_(2)O emission flux from paddy field across the rice season.【Results】1) The NH3volatilization lasted for 7 days after fertilization.The total NH3volatilization after broadcasting basal and tillering fertilizer accounted for 86.63%–91.76% of the total NH3volatilization.The N_(2)O emission flux peaks appeared after fertilization and halfway through aeration.2) Compared with the CN,RNB decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N_(2)O emission by 29.69%–39.41% and 13.43%–23.37%,respectively.3) Compared with the broadcasted urea application(RNB),deep placement of urea(RND) decreased total NH3volatilization and N2O emission by 53.50%–72.05% and 16.66%–23.43%,respectively(P<0.05).4) Compared with RNB,RNB+DI decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission by 9.57%–22.27% and 8.77%–15.67%.5) Compared with CN,RND+DI(P<0.05) decreased total NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission by 76.89%–82.29% and 37.98%–48.71%.【Conclusions】NH_(3) volatilization and N2O emission can be decreased by reducing the N application rate,N-fer
作者
曾科
王书伟
朱文彬
田玉华
尹斌
ZENG Ke;WANG Shu-wei;ZHU Wen-bin;TIAN Yu-hua;YIN Bin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Changshu,Jiangsu 215555,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期220-231,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200104,2016YFC0207906)。
关键词
稻季
施氮量
氮肥深施
脲酶抑制剂
硝化抑制剂
NH_(3)挥发
N_(2)O排放
rice season
nitrogen application rate
deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer
urease inhibitor
nitrification inhibitor
NH_(3)volatilization
N_(2)O emission
