摘要
根据历史研究的方法,对贝尔纳《科学的社会功能》的开创性做了探讨,对从普赖斯“科学学”到“科学的社会研究”、再到最近美国“科学的科学”计划的科学学历史演变做了探讨,提出了对当代科学学发展的启示。结论发现:(1)贝尔纳《科学的社会功能》以探讨科学为社会有益发展服务为主要问题,开创了对科学社会系统进行科学分析的思路,不仅为后来的科学学产生奠定了基础,也为科技政策研究和科学的社会研究产生奠定了基础;(2)普赖斯在科学计量学方面的研究为科学学发展做出了突出的贡献,并推动“科学的科学”在世界范围内兴起。但普赖斯对“科学的科学”解释存在着张力和歧义,带来一些误解和偏差;(3) 2005年美国开始的“科技政策科学计划”是普赖斯“科学的科学”思想的复兴,在此基础上更新的“科学的科学”计划在很大程度上回归贝尔纳的思想;(4)贝尔纳《科学的社会功能》和科学学发展的历史经验,对思考今天科学学的使命、任务和措施具有重要的指导和参考价值。
The purpose of this article is to study the issues, logic and influence of J.D.Bernal, the social function of science, to explore the historical line and evolution process of the Science of Science, to analysis the meaning and implication of the Science of Science, and discusses the guiding significance and enlightenment of Bernal’s classic thought and historical development of the Science of Science on the mission, task and development path today.This paper adopts the historical research method, starting with the historical background, analysis and solution of Bernal’s issues. When discussing the historical development of the Science of Science, it pay attention to the relationship between "name" and "reality". It should not only pay attention to the development under virtual the name of the Science of Science, but also pay attention to the development of the content of the Science of Science without the name.This paper mainly discusses the historical evolution of the Science of Science from three aspects: the foundation of Bernal’ the Social Function of Science;the Movement of Science of Science in the 1960s;the Science of Science Policy Program started in the United States in 2005. This paper put forward some reflections on the mission, task and measures of contemporary science of science.The study shows:(1) Bernal’ the social function of science,as the main issue that science is good for human the society development, puts forward the science is a social system. From the role that science play now and the role that science could play possible, it analysis the social function of science and initiates the idea of social analysis of science,which not only laid the foundation for the rising of the Science of Science but also for the research of science and technology policy and the social research of science. Some of Bernard’s main issues are still alive today.(2) Derek De Solla Price’s research in scientometrics has made outstanding contributions to the development of the Science of Science and promo
作者
樊春良
FAN Chunliang(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《科学学与科学技术管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期29-52,共24页
Science of Science and Management of S.& T.
