摘要
甘青地区史前墓葬的地表通常会发现一些人为摆放或竖立的石块、放置的陶器、垒筑的土丘以及营建的围墓沟等遗物或遗迹,用以标志墓葬位置或表达祭祀礼仪等信息,可称其为墓葬的地上标志。甘青地区的墓上标志主要表现为两类:第一类是在完成埋葬后设立的地表标志,包括墓口竖立的石块、木桩和垒筑的坟丘;第二类是后续在墓葬地表进行祭祀活动的遗留物,这些遗留物在客观上也起到了标志的作用,这类标志主要是墓口放置的陶器。随着时间的推移,甘青地区的墓上标志呈现出由单一立石标志向多种标志并存发展的趋势,个别标志还形成了特定的分布区域。甘青地区史前墓葬流行设置墓上标志,除为了识别墓葬位置便于完成墓地规划外,应与该区域盛行二次扰乱葬有着密切关系。
On the ground of prehistoric burials in Gan-Qing area,some intentionally placed stone blocks,pottery,mounds and ditches are usually found which mark the spatial location of the burials or express ritual information.They can be called the above-ground markings of tombs.Systematic combing and analysis of the materials of prehistoric burials in Gan-Qing area reveal that the above-ground markings of tombs fall into two major types:the first type is the aboveground markings set up after the dead is buried,including vertical stone blocks,wooden stakes and piled mounds at the entrances of the tombs;the second type is remnants(mainly pottery)after the sacrificial activities above the surface of the tombs,which objectively play the role of marking the location of the tombs.The above-ground markings of tombs in Gan-Qing area evolve over time from single stone blocks into multiple markings,and a few of them have characteristic distributions with certain cultural significance.On the one hand,these markings help to identify the location of the burials and facilitate the unified planning of the cemetery;on the other hand,they should be closely related to the prevalence of disturbed secondary burials in this region,as well as the ancestors’conducting of sacrificial rites.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2023年第1期39-49,共11页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
关键词
甘青地区
史前
墓上标志
Gan-Qing area
Prehistory
Above-ground markings of tombs
