摘要
民族主义的日常化是国家实现民族认同的重要途径,主体民族可以从叙事话语、制度规范和生活实践三个层次推动民族主义的日常化。莫迪领导的印度人民党执政以来,积极推动印度教民族主义的日常化。从叙事话语层次,塑造印度教主体民族的正统性与合法性;从制度规范层次,在全国范围推行印度教特性的政策法令;从生活实践层次,推进日常生活领域的“橘黄色化”。日常化集中反映了印度教民族主义发展演变的新特点,包括从相对隐蔽转向直接公开,从外围边缘走向主流地位;从传统的社会“自下而上”的发展模式转变为社会“自下而上”和政府“自上而下”并行的发展模式;呈现“硬印度教特性”与“软印度教特性”相互配合的两面性。印度教民族主义的日常化对印度内政外交产生深刻影响,在国内政治层面,长期占据印度主流意识形态的世俗主义已逐步让位于印度教民族主义,印度民主制度受到持续冲击,印度教徒和穆斯林的对立冲突不断激化,印度政治极化和社会撕裂程度进一步加深。在对外关系层面,推动改变了印度对自身国际地位和外交立场的认识判断,印度对外政策日趋激进和强硬。同时,在很大程度上导致印巴关系持续紧张升级,并增加了中印关系的不稳定和不确定性。
Since BJP led by Narendra Modi came to power in 2014, the Modi government has been promoting the banalisation of hindu nationalism actively: establishing the orthodoxy and legitimacy of the Hindu dominant nation at the narrative discourse level, enforcing Hindutva policies and bills nationwide at the institutional norm level, boosting the “saffronisation” of everyday life at the daily practice level. Banalisation reflects three new characteristics of hindu nationalism. Firstly, from concealed to public, from periphery to mainstream. Secondly, from the traditional “bottom-up” development model to the current “bottom-up” and “top-down” combined development model. Thirdly, “Hard Hindutva” and “Soft Hindutva” interweaved together. The banalisation of hindu nationalism has profound impacts on India’s domestic politics and external relations. At the domestic politics level, hindu nationalism has been replacing secularism to become the mainstream ideology, India’s democracy is under negative influence, the conflict between Hindu and Muslims is intensified, the degree of political polarization and social cleavage are further deepen. At the external relations level, the banalisation of hindu nationalism has promoting the change of India’s judgment of its international status and diplomatic position, India’s foreign policies are becoming increasingly aggressive and tough.
出处
《南亚东南亚研究》
2023年第1期16-29,152,153,共16页
South and Southeast Asian Studies
